Images:
If you are intending to include in your thesis extracts from other publications or illustrations such as images, maps, photographs, figures, etc., you will need to seek permission from the copyright holder, as an electronic version of your thesis will usually be made available online.
Published work :
You will also need to seek permission from the relevant publisher to include in your thesis any journal articles you may have published.
A short quotation from a published work which has been properly acknowledged and referenced probably does not need permission to use, but if in doubt, it is always best to seek permission. For more information see Copyright for researchers.
Seeking permission :
To obtain copyright clearance for third-party material, first identify the rights holder (often the publisher or author). Determine exactly what content you want to use and how it will be distributed. Submit a formal permission request detailing usage, format, audience, and duration. Many publishers provide online forms or rights departments to contact, for example Permissions Requests : Springer Nature Support. Be prepared to pay a licensing fee and follow any conditions set. If the publishers are not the rights holder, then they should be able to put you in touch with the person who is. If permission is granted, this should be acknowledged at the appropriate point in your thesis: “Permission to reproduce this … has been granted by …”. Keep written records of permissions granted, and always credit the source as required.
Redacted version :
If you are unable to gain permission to reproduce such material, this does not mean that your thesis cannot be accepted, or that you are expected to pay for permission to be granted. It means only that your thesis cannot be made available online, or that the version which is made available online must omit the copyright material. In such a case, two electronic versions of the completed thesis should be submitted, one an exact copy of the print version, and the other with any copyright material removed.
Details of any material which has been removed should be listed in the appropriate area of the Thesis deposit declaration and checklist form.