The Brazilian team is also looking at the socioeconomic aspect of grass invasion in Cerrado. As the invasive species are widely used for cattle pastures, there is an economic motivation in their introduction. A post-doc project will evaluate the possibilities of alternative scenarios for beef production that could reconcile the economic and ecological aspects of invasive grasses. Finally, together with the Argentinian and Chilean teams, the team is also working on invasive pines, their impacts and restoration initiatives.