Professor Graeme Nixon

Professor Graeme Nixon
Professor Graeme Nixon
Professor Graeme Nixon

B.Sc. (Hons) in Pharmacology, University of Glasgow 1988, Ph.D., University of Glasgow 1991

Personal Chair

Accepting PhDs

About
Email Address
g.f.nixon@abdn.ac.uk
Telephone Number
+44 (0)1224 437405
Telephone Number
+44 (0)1224 274271
Office Address

Office - Room 6.31,

University of Aberdeen,

Institute of Medical Sciences,

School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition

Foresterhill

Aberdeen

AB25 2ZD

Scotland

United Kingdom

School/Department
School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition

Biography

Graeme Nixon is the Director of the Scottish Graduate School of Social Science, the UK's largest social science doctoral training partnership funded by the Economic and Social Research Council.  He also holds a personal chair in the Institute of Medical Sciences where his research focusses on cardiovascular health and disease. 

He completed his PhD degree in Medical Sciences at the University of Glasgow. This was followed by a 4 year American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Virginia before moving to the University of Aberdeen. 

Graeme co-founded the Aberdeen Cardiovascular & Diabetes Centre in 2018.  It consists of approximately 30 senior laboratory scientists and clinicians from the University of Aberdeen and NHS Grampian working together to improve patient outcomes through research and education in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.  He was also previously the Dean of Postgraduate Research at the University of Aberdeen from 2018-2023, a cross-institutional role with strategic oversight of PhD recruitment and training. 

Qualifications

  • BSc Pharmacology 
    1988 - University of Glasgow 
  • PhD Medical Sciences 
    1991 - University of Glasgow 

Latest Publications

View My Publications

Research

Research Overview

My research interests are predominantly in the development of new therapeutics for cardiovascular disease.  In addition, I am also interested in research training strategies for the next generation of medical researchers to ensure impact and clear societal value are embedded in research design.   

In particular, current areas of focus are:

1) the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease, and specifically drug targets to modulate lipid storage to slow disease progression.

2) uncovering new drug targets for aortic valve stenosis

 

Research Areas

Accepting PhDs

I am currently accepting PhDs in Biomedical Sciences.


Please get in touch if you would like to discuss your research ideas further.

Email Me

Biomedical Sciences

Supervising
Accepting PhDs

Current Research

Modulating lipid storage in obesity to prevent cardiovascular disease

While the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease is well-defined, the relationship between fat storage and the development of cardiovascular disease is less clear.  Fat storage in adipose tissue of non-obese individuals is physiologically "safe" and important for normal metabolic health. An excessive calorific intake results in expansion of adipose tissue which, if continued, leads to lipid distribution to areas outside the adipose tissues, such as the liver, heart and blood vessels. This is physiologically "unsafe" and is the trigger for development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.   This tipping point between "safe" and "unsafe" lipid storage is the key to understanding metabolically dependent cardiovascular disease.  

Our research is examining new therapeutic targets to improve the "safe" storage of lipids in adipose tissue and prevent the overspill of lipids into other non-adipose tissues. Recently, we have uncovered a protein present in adipocytes (the cell type responsible for lipid storage in adipose tissue) which can regulate lipid storage capacity.  This protein is called phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes-15 (PEA-15). In mice which do not express the PEA-15 protein, they can continue to expand their adipose tissue and store for lipids safely while decreasing unsafe lipid storage. This directly reduces cardiovascular disease in this model (Veschoor et al ,2021).

PEA-15 webpage.jpg

We have also demonstrated this in human adipose tissue in the laboratory.

 Video to explain this research for a non-scientific audience

 

Uncovering new therapeutic targets for aortic valve stenosis

The aortic valve is situated at the exit point where blood leaves the heart during contraction of the heart muscle and enters the blood vessel (initially the largest artery known as the aorta).  It's innate flexibility allows the valve to open during heart contraction allowing minimal disruption to flow and quickly close following this, thereby preventing a reversal of blood flow back in to the heart.  In patients who develop aortic valve stenosis, the valves undergo a change in structure which involves a calcification within the valve wall - this is similar to the formation of bone-like structures (calcified nodules, see figure below).  These nodules are brittle and inflexible, leading to decreased efficiency of valve function.  Blood does not flow as easily out of the heart leading eventually to heart failure, unless treated.  Current treatment consists of surgery to replace the defective heart valve with a prosthetic valve.

Aortic valve stenosis is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and is closely linked with old age.  It is becoming increasingly common amongst the elderly population and the early stages of valve calcification is currently thought to be present 70% of the population aged 65 years and over.  Despite this significant clinical problem, there are currently no drug treatments which can prevent or slow the progression of aortic valve stenosis.    

Our research is directed towards identifying new therapeutic targets to slow the progression of aortic valve stenosis (Lewis et al, 2023)  

webpage valves.jpg

Past Research

 

Dietary zinc deficiency and blood vessel function

The micronutrient zinc is critical to many physiological processes in vivo and has an essential role in health. Dietary zinc deficiency, which occurs due to inadequate intake, decreased absorption or increased loss can therefore be an important factor in many pathological conditions. This is particularly relevant in the elderly where zinc utilization and absorption are known to be decreased with age. Recently, evidence has emerged suggesting that zinc deficiency is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The cell types and intracellular mechanisms involved in these zinc-dependent atherogenic changes are not known and could be due to effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Our recent research has now indicated that dietary zinc deficiency results in programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the vascular smooth muscle cells.  This includes depolarized mitochondria, a hallmark of the apoptotic process (see image below). Apoptosis has a role in the clinical problems associated with atherosclerosis.

This research indicates that those with lower zinc intake (such as the elderly) may exacerbate underlying atherosclerosis and advocates adequate zinc to protect against cardiovascular disease.

 

 

Regulating the growth of new coronary arteries in the human heart

We have developed a model of "human coronary arteries in a dish".  This model uses the cell types that normally constitute a human coronary artery in the heart.  By combining these cell types and treating with specific growth factors, we can induce development of a coronary artery blood vessel networks. Using this novel approach, we have shown that an endogenous lipid known called sphingosine 1-phosphate blocks the growth of new coronary arteries by preventing tubule formation of the endothelial cells (see image below).  Our paper (Mascall et al, 2012) details the mechanisms of this inhibitory effect.  

 

 

Collaborations

 

Prof. Joe Ramos, University of Hawaii, USA

Prof A. Mark Evans, University of Edinburgh, UK

Dr. Justin Rochford, University of Aberdeen, UK

Prof. Mirela Delibegovic, University of Aberdeen, UK

Supervision

My current supervision areas are: Biomedical Sciences.

Current PhD students:

Giovanni Levate: Oct 2019 - Sept 2022 "Novel protein regulators of adipocyte lipid storage"

 

Completed PhD students (last 10 years):

Sarah Zhang: Oct 2017-Sept 2021

Christopher Lewis: Oct 2017 – Sept 2020

Pola Verschoor: Oct 2016 – Sept 2019

Jenny McKean: Oct 2011 – Jan 2015

Keith Allen-Redpath: Aug 2009 – Dec 2012

Keith Mascall: Oct 2008 – July 2013

 

Teaching

Teaching Responsibilities

Teaching across level 1-4 at undergraduate and at level 5 (MSc).

 

Undergraduate Year 1:

SR1002: Introduction to the science of sport, exercise and health

 

Undergraduate Year 2:

SM2001: Foundation skills for medical sciences

 

Undergraduate Year 3:

PA3004: Biochemical pharmacology and toxicology

BM3501: Cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology

 

Undergraduate Year 4:

BM4009: Staying alive: the physiology of adaptation*

BM4004: Advanced membranes, molecules and cells

PA4005: Molecular pharmacology

 

Other:

BDS2 (dental students): Introduction to blood vessels

MSc: small molecule drug discovery

 

*course coordinator

Publications

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  • An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis downregulated by hypoxia in human aortic valve stenosis promotes disease pathogenesis

    Lewis, C. T., Mascall, K. S., Wilson, H. M., Murray, F., Kerr, K. M., Gibson, G., Buchan, K., Small, G. R., Nixon, G. F.
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol. 174, pp. 25-37
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA)-15 is a novel regulator of adipose tissue expansion

    Verschoor, P. J., Greig, F. H., Rochford, J., Levate', G., Delibegovic, M., Thompson, D., Leeson-Payne, A., Dekeryte, R., Banks, R., Ramos, J. W., Nixon, G.
    Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 6949
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • PEA‐15 (Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes 15) Is a Protective Mediator in the Vasculature and Is Regulated During Neointimal Hyperplasia

    Greig, F. H., Kennedy, S., Gibson, G., Ramos, J. W., Nixon, G. F.
    Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 6, no. 9, e006936
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Sphingosylphosphorylcholine inhibits macrophage adhesion to vascular smooth muscle cells

    Wirrig, C., McKean, J. S., Wilson, H. M., Nixon, G. F.
    Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 115, pp. 43-50
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • The cAMP-producing agonist beraprost inhibits human vascular smooth muscle cell migration via exchange protein directly activated by cAMP

    McKean, J. S., Murray, F., Gibson, G., Shewan, D. A., Tucker, S. J., Nixon, G. F.
    Cardiovascular Research, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 546-555
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA)-15: A potential therapeutic target in multiple disease states

    Greig, F. H., Nixon, G. F.
    Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 143, no. 3, pp. 265-274
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low-molecular-weight humoral factor

    Ou, O., Allen-Redpath, K., Urgast, D., Gordon, M., Campbell, G., Feldmann, J., Nixon, G. F., Mayer, C., Kwun, I., Beattie, J. H.
    The FASEB Journal, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 3672-3682
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Marginal dietary zinc deficiency in vivo induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis in large arteries

    Allen-Redpath, K., Ou, O., Beattie, J. H., Kwun, I., Feldmann, J., Nixon, G. F.
    Cardiovascular Research, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 525–534
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Long-term zinc deprivation accelerates rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation involving the down-regulation of JNK1/2 expression in MAPK signaling

    Alcantara, E. H., Shin, M. Y., Feldmann, J., Nixon, G. F., Beattie, J. H., Kwun, I. S.
    Atherosclerosis, vol. 228, no. 1, pp. 46-52
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Suboptimal dietary zinc intake promotes vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in a mouse model of atherosclerosis

    Beattie, J. H., Gordon, M., Duthie, S. J., McNeil, C. J., Horgan, G. W., Nixon, G. F., Feldmann, J., Kwun, I.
    Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 1097-1105
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced release of TIMP-2 from vascular smooth muscle cells inhibits angiogenesis

    Mascall, K. S., Small, G. R., Gibson, G., Nixon, G. F.
    Journal of Cell Science, vol. 125, no. 9, pp. 2267-2275
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Microanalytical isotope ratio measurements and elemental mapping using laser ablation ICP-MS for tissue thin sections: zinc tracer studies in rats

    Urgast, D. S., Ou, O., Gordon, M. J., Raab, A., Nixon, G. F., Kwun, I., Beattie, J. H., Feldmann, J.
    Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 402, no. 1, pp. 287-297
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Zinc deprivation inhibits extracellular matrix calcification through decreased synthesis of matrix proteins in osteoblasts

    Alcantara, E. H., Lomeda, R. R., Feldmann, J., Nixon, G. F., Beattie, J. H., Kwun, I.
    Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 1552-1560
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • A phospholipase Cγ1-activated pathway regulates transcription in human vascular smooth muscle cells

    Hunter, I., Mascall, K. S., Ramos, J., Nixon, G. F.
    Cardiovascular Research, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 557-564
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Sphingosylphosphorylcholine is a proinflammatory mediator in cerebral arteries

    Wirrig, C., Hunter, I., Mathieson, F. A., Nixon, G. F.
    Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 212-221
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Randomized controlled trial of aspirin and clopidogrel versus aspirin and placebo on markers of smooth muscle proliferation before and after peripheral angioplasty

    Wilson, A. M., Brittenden, J., Bachoo, P., Ford, I., Nixon, G. F.
    Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 861-869
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Sphingolipids in inflammation: pathological implications and potential therapeutic targets

    Nixon, G. F.
    British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 158, no. 4, pp. 982-993
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Advanced glycation endproducts induce a proliferative response in vascular smooth muscle cells via altered calcium signaling

    David, K. C., Scott, R. H., Nixon, G. F.
    Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 76, no. 9, pp. 1110-1120
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Lysosomes co-localize with ryanodine receptor subtype 3 to form a trigger zone for calcium signalling by NAADP in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle

    Kinnear, N. P., Wyatt, C. N., Clark, J. H., Calcraft, P. J., Fleischer, S., Jeyakumar, L. H., Nixon, G. F., Evans, A. M.
    Cell Calcium, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 190-201
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • The multi-functional role of sphingosylphosphorylcholine

    Nixon, G. F., Mathieson, F. A., Hunter, I.
    Progress in Lipid Research, vol. 47, pp. 62-75
    Contributions to Journals: Literature Reviews
  • The potential roles of sphingolipids in vascular smooth-muscle function

    Nixon, G. F., Mathieson, F. A., Hunter, I.
    Biochemical Society Transactions, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 908-909
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Spatial compartmentalization of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor 1-dependent signalling pathways in human airway smooth muscle cells: Lipid rafts are essential for TNF-a-mediated activation of RhoA but dispensible for the activation of the NF-¿B and MAPK pathways

    Hunter, I., Nixon, G. F.
    The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 281, no. 45, pp. 34705-34715
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Sphingolipids differentially regulate mitogen-activated protein kinases and intracellular Ca2+ in vascular smooth muscle: effects on CREB activation

    Mathieson, F. A., Nixon, G. F.
    British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 147, no. 4, pp. 351-359
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • PDGF-induced signaling in proliferating and differentiated vascular smooth muscle: Effects of altered intracellular Ca2+ regulation

    Egan, C. G., Wainwright, C., Wadsworth, R. M., Nixon, G. F.
    Cardiovascular Research, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 308-316
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Endothelin-1- and depolarization-induced differential regulation of cAMP response element-binding protein in proliferating and developed vascular smooth muscle

    Egan, C. G., Nixon, G. F.
    Cellular Signalling, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 1387-1396
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Tumor necrosis factor-a-induced activation of RhoA in airway smooth muscle cells: Role in the Ca2+ sensitization of myosin light chain20 phosphorylation

    Hunter, I., Cobban, H. J., Vandenabeele, P., MacEwan, D. J., Nixon, G. F.
    Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 714-721
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces CREB activation in rat cerebral artery via a protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channels

    Coussin, F., Scott, R. H., Nixon, G. F.
    Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 1861-1870
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Comparison of sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced intracellular signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscles: differential role in vasoconstriction

    Coussin, F., Scott, R. H., Wise, A., Nixon, G. F.
    Circulation Research, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 151-157
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Stimulation of stress-activated but not mitogen-activated protein kinases by tumour necrosis factor receptor subtypes in airway smooth muscle

    McFarlane, S. M., Jupp, O. J., Cobban, H. J., Hunter, I., Anderson, H. M., Vandenabeele, P., Nixon, G. F., MacEwan, D. J.
    Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 749-759
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Thrombin-induced activation of RhoA in platelet shape change

    Bodie, S. L., Ford, I., Greaves, M., Nixon, G. F.
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 287, no. 1, pp. 71-76
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Expression and distribution of InsP(3) receptor subtypes in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells

    Tasker, P. N., Taylor, C., Nixon, G. F.
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 273, pp. 907-912
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • ETA receptors are the primary mediators of myofilament calcium sensitization induced by ET-1 in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle: a tyrosine kinase independent pathway

    Evans, A. M., Cobban, H. J., Nixon, G. F.
    British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 127, pp. 153-160
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Expression and distribution of the type 1 and type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in developing vascular smooth muscle

    Tasker, P. N., Michelangeli, F., Nixon, G. F.
    Circulation Research, vol. 84, pp. 536-542
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Tumour necrosis factor-alpha activates a calcium sensitization pathway in guinea-pig bronchial smooth muscle

    Parris, J. R. M., Cooban, H. J., Littlejohn, A. F., MacEwan, D. J., Nixon, G. F.
    The Journal of Physiology, vol. 518, pp. 561-569
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Localization of ryanodine receptors in smooth muscle

    Lesh, R. E., Nixon, G. F., Fleischer, S., Airey, J. A., Somlyo, A. P., Somlyo, A. V.
    Circulation Research, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 175-185
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Increased sensitization of the myofilaments in rat neonatal portal vein: A potential mechanism

    Bruce, L., Nixon, G. F.
    Experimental Physiology, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 985-993
    Contributions to Journals: Articles