Climate change poses a growing threat to biodiversity, water security, food systems and human health and well-being. New research from leading climate scientists from around the world has found that if implemented carefully; rapid, sustained mitigation and adaptation efforts could deliver wide-ranging benefits across all these interconnected challenges.
The study, led by Professor Pete Smith from the University of Aberdeen and published in Global Change Biology, examines 69 climate response options spanning land, oceans, ecosystems, urban areas, infrastructure, industry, and society.
The scientists found that the majority of these actions generate broad positive impacts, advancing both climate goals and sustainable development.
Key results reveal:
59% of actions deliver entirely positive or neutral outcomes across all areas studied, making them low-risk and ready for immediate implementation.
Energy system transitions show the clearest trade-offs due to infrastructure demands. However, the study stresses that these impacts pale in comparison to the far greater damage caused by continued reliance on fossil fuels. Transitioning to renewable, cleaner energy sources reduces risks and unlocks significant long-term benefits.
Professor Smith said: “We need joined up thinking to get the most effective actions to address the many challenges that face humanity today. This is a really encouraging study as the findings highlight that tackling the global challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, food and water security and human health together will be far more effective - and cheaper - than trying to tackle them in isolation.
“Acting now on the many low-risk, high-benefit solutions available will not only tackle climate change but also improve lives, safeguard ecosystems, and build resilient societies.”