Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in the UK. About 1 in 7 females are diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. There are two types of breast cancer: primary and secondary. Primary cancer is when the cancer has not spread outside the breast or glands…

Governments use social distancing measures to try to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries have used different policies. These policies, often lockdowns, aim to slow the spread of the disease. They also prevent hospitals from running out of capacity.

During the…

Pandemics require the whole community to act

The COVID-19 pandemic raises pressing questions about the way we think about the public health preferences of citizens. An effective response to this crisis relies on the cooperation of every member of the community, which is why it is important that health…

Deciding whether to refer a patient to an Intensive Care Unit (or Critical Care Unit) has always been a difficult clinical and ethical challenge. The limited number of ICU beds means that decisions often have to be made about who should be referred and who should not. Intensive care can…

Patients with undiagnosed rare diseases often undergo a long, stressful and costly testing process.  This is called the ‘diagnostic odyssey.’  Standard testing involves numerous tests, missed diagnoses, and considerable stress and uncertainty for affected individuals and families.  On average, it takes 5.6 years to…