Senior Lecturer
- About
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- Email Address
- p.sweeney@abdn.ac.uk
- Telephone Number
- +44 (0)1224 272357
- Office Address
- School/Department
- School of Divinity, History, Philosophy & Art History
Biography
Paula Sweeney is a senior lecturer in Philosophy. She joined the University of Aberdeen in 2009. Prior to that she completed her PhD at the University of St Andrews under the supervision of Crispin Wright.
Paula was the Head of the School of Divinity, History, Philosophy and Art History from 2017-2022.
Paula's academic background is in the Philosophy of Language and the Philosophy of Logic. Now she works in the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, particularly regarding AI avatars and social robots.
Qualifications
- PhD Philosophy2010 - University of St Andrews
Supervisor: Crispin Wright
- MLitt Philosophy2006 - University of St Andrews
- MA Philosophy2005 - University of St Andrews
External Memberships
In recent years Paula has been a member of the AHRC Peer Review College, an elected board member of the British Philosophical Association and an appointed trustee of the trust associated with Thought: A Journal of Philosophy.
She is an external examiner at Lancaster University and the University of St Andrews.
Latest Publications
The Ethics of AI Avatars: Moral Questions in the Age of Digital Duplicates of Real People
RoutledgeBooks and Reports: BooksBeyond Deepfakes: 'Digital duplicates' or AI Simulations of Real People-An International Ethical Consensus
Working Papers: Preprint Papers- [ONLINE] DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5730202
The Role of Avatars in Non-death Related Grief
Philosophy & Technology, vol. 38, no. 3, 89Contributions to Journals: ArticlesCreating durable biographies in palliative care: the role of continuing bond avatars
Philosophy & Technology, vol. 38, no. 2, 50Contributions to Journals: ArticlesPersons, Unique Value and Avatars
Minds and Machines, vol. 35, no. 2, 13Contributions to Journals: Articles
Prizes and Awards
Paula was co-investigator on the Leverhulme Trust funded project, Relativism and Rational Tolerance, with Professor Crispin Wright.
- Research
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Research Overview
I am an analytic philosopher who is interested in the Philosophy of AI, particularly the philosophy of social robots and AI avatars. Some of the questions that interest me are ethical but I am also interested in the traditional questions of philosophy, reconsidered in light of social AI technologies.
Research Areas
Accepting PhDs
I am currently accepting PhDs in Philosophy.
Please get in touch if you would like to discuss your research ideas further.

Research Specialisms
- Philosophy
- Artificial Intelligence
Our research specialisms are based on the Higher Education Classification of Subjects (HECoS) which is HESA open data, published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
Current Research
Most recently I have been working on AI Avatars--particularly avatars that seek to represent or 'duplicate' real-life individuals. I have a number of publications in this area, some exploring use cases and others exploring more abstract philosophical questions such as the impact of personal avatars on the value of personhood and uniqueness.
My research on avatars builds on my work on social robots. My monograph, Social Robots: A Fictional Dualism modal was published by Rowman & Littlefield in 2023. The monograph is a book-length study of my theory of social robots. The theory proposes that when we engage with social robots the emotional response that we have is closer in kind to the response that we have towards fiction than it is to how we respond to persons.
Please see the Publications tab for more of my research.
Supervision
My current supervision areas are: Philosophy.
I can offer supervision in the Philosophy and Ethics of Artificial Intelligence.
Funding and Grants
I was a co-investigator on the Leverhulme funded Relativism and Rational Tolerance (£250K).
- Teaching
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Teaching Responsibilities
Undergraduate Teaching
Philosophy of Virtual Worlds
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Persons and the Self
Masters Teaching
Legal and Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence.
Philosophy and Society
- Publications
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The Ethics of AI Avatars: Moral Questions in the Age of Digital Duplicates of Real People
RoutledgeBooks and Reports: BooksBeyond Deepfakes: 'Digital duplicates' or AI Simulations of Real People-An International Ethical Consensus
Working Papers: Preprint Papers- [ONLINE] DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5730202
The Role of Avatars in Non-death Related Grief
Philosophy & Technology, vol. 38, no. 3, 89Contributions to Journals: ArticlesCreating durable biographies in palliative care: the role of continuing bond avatars
Philosophy & Technology, vol. 38, no. 2, 50Contributions to Journals: ArticlesPersons, Unique Value and Avatars
Minds and Machines, vol. 35, no. 2, 13Contributions to Journals: ArticlesTwo disrupters to arguments from analogy for robot rights: uniqueness and completeness
AI and Ethics, vol. 5, pp. 3051–3056Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00614-3
Personal Avatars and Personal Autonomy
Reconfiguring Human Autonomy. Springer NatureChapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters (Peer-Reviewed)Could the destruction of a beloved robot be considered a hate crime?: An exploration of the legal and social significance of robot love.
AI and Society, vol. 39, pp. 2735–2741Contributions to Journals: ArticlesAvatars and the value of human uniqueness
Philosophy & Technology, vol. 37, 118Contributions to Journals: ArticlesWittgensteinian Considerations on the Moral Status of Robots
Wittgenstein and Artificial Intelligence: Value and Governance. Ball, B., Helliwell, A. C., Rossi, A. (eds.). Anthem Press, pp. 69-82, 14 pagesChapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: ChaptersSocial Robots: A fictional dualism model
Rowman & Littlefield. 152 pagesBooks and Reports: BooksAvatars as Proxies
Minds and Machines, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 525-539Contributions to Journals: ArticlesThe ethics of ex-bots
AI and SocietyContributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01754-6
Trusting Social Robots
AI and Ethics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 419-426Contributions to Journals: ArticlesWhy indirect harms do not support social robot rights
Minds and Machines, vol. 32, pp. 735–749Contributions to Journals: ArticlesA fictional dualism model of social robots
Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 465-472Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09589-9
- [OPEN ACCESS] http://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstreams/8106d6c7-804e-42f4-aa3e-fc3dab2711c7/download
- [ONLINE] View publication in Scopus
Mourning the death of Michael Besso: Eternalism as therapy
Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 504-514Contributions to Journals: ArticlesCommentary to the Commission’s proposal for the “AI Act” – Response to selected issues
Non-textual Forms: Web Publications and Websites- [ONLINE] https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12527-Artificial-intelligence-ethical-and-legal-requirements/F2665397_en
- [ONLINE] https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12527-Artificial-intelligence-ethical-and-legal-requirements_en
Nostalgia reconsidered
Ratio, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 184-190Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rati.12272
- [OPEN ACCESS] http://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstreams/a57d5152-58e6-4c08-80bb-51bcb166cf79/download
- [ONLINE] View publication in Scopus
The Role of the Sentence-Tokened
Grazer Philosophische Studien, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 419-428Contributions to Journals: ArticlesThe No-Proposition View of Vagueness
Grazer Philosophische Studien, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 179-195Contributions to Journals: ArticlesFuture contingents, indeterminacy and context
Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 408-422Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/papq.12077
Contextualism and the principle of tolerance
Grazer Philosophische Studien, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 289-306Contributions to Journals: ArticlesThe Utility of Content-Relativism
Dialectica, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 563-579Contributions to Journals: ArticlesVagueness and Practical Interest
Vagueness and Language Use. Égré, P., Klinedinst, N. (eds.). Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 249-282, 34 pagesChapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: ChaptersIndexicals and utterance production
Philosophical Studies, vol. 150, no. 3, pp. 331-348Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-009-9416-4