Professor Donald MacPhee

Professor Donald MacPhee The University of Aberdeen School of Natural & Computing Sciences Professor Donald MacPhee Chair in Chemistry work +44 (0)1224 272941 pref Meston Room O19

Chair in Chemistry
Mechanics of Materials Research Group

BSc, PhD (CNAA Dundee)

Professor Donald MacPhee

Personal Details

Telephone: +44 (0)1224 272941
Email: d.e.macphee@abdn.ac.uk
Address: Meston Room O19
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Research Interests

Cement Chemistry

Portland cement has many uses but it is best known as the binding constituent of concrete, the most extensively used man-made construction material in the modern world. Although considered largely an engineering material, its setting and subsequent durability properties are controlled by chemistry. Consequently, cement chemistry research, over many years, has lead to a range of technologically significant products and processes. For example:

Cement formulations appropriate for extreme environmental conditions are used routinely in mine stabilisation, oil well cementing, underwater construction, cold weather climates, etc. · Durable concretes can be designed to limit degradation that previously would have arisen due to reinforcement corrosion, alkali aggregate reaction and sulphate attack. · High performance concretes can be formulated to enable the fabrication of high strength support columns for multi storey construction. · Mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength and toughness) of mortars and concretes can be modified by mix composition. · The physical and chemical properties of cements can now be optimised for the immobilisation of hazardous waste.

"Combined Microstructural and Micro-cell Studies on Steel Blastfurnace Slag Cement Composites" - an EPSRC Grant (GR/L 29200) report.


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Current Research

The Cements Research Group within the Department of Chemistry at the University of Aberdeen have research activity over a broad range of areas. Professor Macphee is currently involved in several areas:

Characterisation of Cement Systems Using AC Impedance Spectroscopy

This is a rapidly developing area of research with the technique having potential for application as a non-destructive test of the integrity of concrete structures.

In recent years there has been a growing trend to use ac impedance spectroscopy (acIS) as an in-situ and non-destructive method for monitoring changes in microstructure of cementitious materials. The general approach to equivalent circuit modelling of cement pastes has been to interpret spectra obtained from ac impedance measurements, assigning electrical responses to microstructural features such as hydration products and fluid-filled porosity. We take an alternative approach. Starting with a consideration of paste microstructures and the potential conduction pathways that such microstructures could support, we propose an equivalent circuit model. Ac impedance data from pore reduced cements have been measured for the first time and are used to test the model. We also highlight the importance of using more than one immitance formalism for analysing acIS data.

  • "Development Of An Equivalent Circuit Model For Cement Pastes From Microstructural Considerations", Macphee, D.E., Sinclair, D.C. and Stubbs, S.L., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1997, 80(11), 2876.
  • "Electrical Characterisation of Pore Reduced Cement by Impedance Spectroscopy", Macphee, D.E., Sinclair, D.C. and Stubbs, S.L., J. Materials Science Letters, 15, (18), 1566-8, (1996).
  • "Electrical Conductivity Properties of Hydrating Cement Pastes by ac Impedance Spectroscopy", Cormack, S.L., Macphee, D.E. and Sinclair, D.C., submitted to Adv. Cements Research, (October, 1997).

Toughening of Cement Systems

Two parallel studies are currently underway

Glass Fibre Reinforcement: The frictional contact between the cement matrix and a glass fibre provides some increase in strength under tensile loading but the main advantage is the toughening caused by slip between fibres in fibre bundles. The effectiveness of this toughening mechanism diminishes with time as the fibres become increasingly attacked by the alkaline pore fluid and crystallisation effects limit slip between fibres. The present research is aimed at more durable glasses involving phosphates. This research is carried out in collaboration with Prof. J.A. Duffy.

Internal Residual Stresses: Differential dimensional effects in a solid matrix can be beneficial to the mechanical toughness of the matrix. This is illustrated by partially stabilised zirconia ceramics. In the cement system, an expansive matrix containing dimensionally stable constituents will result in the development of residual stresses which on release by a propagating macrocrack will act to close the crack. The present research has demonstrated the toughening effect and is further developing appropriate mix formulations for mortar and concrete applications. This research is carried out in collaboration with Prof. H.W.Chandler.

  • "Enhancing the Fracture Toughness of Cement-Based Materials", H.W. Chandler, D.E. Macphee, I. Atkinson and R.Henderson, submitted to J. Materials Science, (July, 1997).

Characterisation of High Performance Cements

Pore Reduced Cements (PRC) are derived from a process in which immature cement pastes mixed at normal water/cement (w/s) ratios are pressed (to 200 MPa) in a pore fluid squeezer. The resulting compaction and reduction in w/s produces a dense cement product with considerably improved mechanical properties and durability. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with image analysis follows a range of other techniques used in the characterisation of these materials.

High Performance Cement Pastes by Cold Isostatic Pressing", Pedersen, J., Macphee, D.E. and Chandler, H.W., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., in press (1997).

  • "Dimensional Stability of Pore Reduced Cement (PRC)", Israel, D., Macphee, D.E. and Lachowski, E.E., in press, Zement-Kalk-Gyps, (Jan., 1997).
  • "Acid Attack on Pore Reduced Cements", Israel, D., Macphee, D.E. and Lachowski, E.E., J. Materials Science, 32, (15), 4109-4116, (1997).
  • "Further Developments in Pore Reduced Cement (PRC)" , Macphee, D.E. and Israel, D., in 'Concrete in the Service of Mankind-Radical Concrete Technology', Ed. R.K. Dhir and N.A. Henderson, (E. and F.N. Spon Ltd, London, 1996), 701-12.
  • "Durability and Microstructure of Pore Reduced Cements (PRC"), Geslin, N.M., Israel, D., Lachowski, E.E. and Macphee, D.E., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 370, 237-244, (1995).
  • "High Performance Cements by Pressing: Physical and Engineering Performance of Pore Reduced Cement (PRC)", Macphee, D.E. and Lachowski, E.E., in 'Durability of High Performance Concrete', 47-58, (RILEM, 1995).

Development of Clay-Based Absorbers for the Treatment of Industrial Waste Waters


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Teaching Responsibilities

Professor Macphee is Course Co-ordinator for Level-5 Chemistry Courses and teaches in the following courses:

  • CM1011 Essentials of Chemistry
  • CM3020 Solid State Chemistry
  • CM3517 Environmental Chemistry and Chemistry of the Elements
  • CM4017/CM4024 Honours/Advanced Chemistry
  • CM5003 MChem Chemistry Applications

Professor Macphee's 4th Year Lecture notes (on cement chemistry) 


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Publications

Contributions to Journals

Articles

  • Folli, A., Pade, C., Hansen, TB., De Marco, T. & Macphee, DE. (2012). 'TiO2 photocatalysis in cementitious systems: Insights into self-cleaning and depollution chemistry'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 42, no. 3, pp. 539-548.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.12.001
  • Lasebikan, BA., Akisanya, AR., Deans, WF. & MacPhee, DE. (2011). 'The effect of hydrogen sulphide on ammonium bisulphite when used as an oxygen scavenger in aqueous solutions'. Corrosion Science, vol 53, no. 12, pp. 4014-4025.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.08.011
    [Online] AURA: Lasebikan_et_al._Complete_Manuscript_FINAL.pdf
  • Gartner, EM. & Macphee, DE. (2011). 'A Physico-Chemical Basis for Novel Cementitious Binders'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 41, no. 7, pp. 736-749.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.006
  • Garcia Lodeiro, I., Palomo, A., Fernandez-Jiminez, AM. & Macphee, DE. (2011). 'Compatibility studies between N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels: Study in the Ternary Diagram Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 41, no. 9, pp. 923–931.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.05.006
  • Folli, A., Campbell, SB., Anderson, JA. & Macphee, DE. (2011). 'Role of TiO2 surface hydration on NO oxidation photo-activity'. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. A, Chemistry, vol 220, no. 2-3, pp. 85-93.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.03.017
  • Garcia Lodeiro, I., Jimenez, A., Palomo, A. & MacPhee, DE. (2010). 'Effect on fresh C-S-H gels of the simultaneous addition of alkali and aluminium'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 40, no. 1, pp. 27-32.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.004
  • Macphee, DE., Duffy, JA. & Herfort, D. (2010). 'Factors influencing colour in white Portland cements'. Cement and its Applications, vol 3, pp. 40-45.
  • Folli, A., Pochard, I., Nonat, A., Jakobsen, UH., Shepherd, AM. & Macphee, DE. (2010). 'Engineering Photocatalytic Cements: Understanding TiO2 Surface Chemistry to Control and Modulate Photocatalytic Performances'. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 93, no. 10, pp. 3360-3369.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03838.x
  • Sharp, JH., Gartner, EM. & Macphee, DE. (2010). 'Novel cement systems (sustainability): Session 2 of the Fred Glasser Cement Science Symposium'. Advances in Cement Research, vol 22, no. 4, pp. 195-202.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1680/adcr.2010.22.4.195
  • Garcia-Lodeiro, I., Fernandez-Jimenez, A., Palomo, A. & Macphee, DE. (2010). 'Effect of Calcium Additions on N-A-S-H Cementitious Gels'. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 93, no. 7, pp. 1934-1940.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03668.x
  • Garcia-Lodeiro, I., Fernandez-Jimenez, A., Macphee, DE., Sobrados, I., Sanz, J. & Palomo, A. (2010). 'Stability of Synthetic Calcium Silicate Hydrate Gels in Presence of Alkalis, Aluminum, and Soluble Silica'. Transportation Research Record, vol 2142, pp. 52-57.
    [Online] DOI: 10.3141/2142-08
  • Nissen, S., Alexander, BD., Dawood, I., Tillotson, M., Wells, RPK., MacPhee, DE. & Killham, KS. (2009). 'Remediation of a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon in water by photoelectrocatalysis'. Environmental Pollution, vol 157, no. 1, pp. 72-76.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.024
  • Segura, I., Moragues, A., MacPhee, DE., Anaya, JJ. & Molero, M. (2009). 'Study of the decalcification process in mortars degraded by NH4NO3 by using ultrasonic techniques'. Materiales de Construcción, vol 59, no. 296, pp. 17-36.
    [Online] DOI: 10.3989/mc.2009.46008
  • Folli, A., Jakobsen, UH., Guerrini, GL. & MacPhee, DE. (2009). 'Rhodamine B Discolouration on TiO2 in the Cement Environment: A Look at Fundamental Aspects of the Self-cleaning Effect in Concretes'. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, vol 12, no. 1, pp. 126-133.
  • Garcia Lodeiro, I., MacPhee, DE., Palomo, A. & Fernandez-Jimenez, A. (2009). 'Effect of alkalis on fresh C-S-H gels: FTIR analysis'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 39, no. 3, pp. 147-153.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.01.003
  • MacPhee, DE., Wells, RPK., Kruth, A., Todd, MJ., Elmorsi, T., Smith, WCS., Pokrajac, D., Strachan, NJC., Scott-Emuakpor, E., Nissen, S. & Killham, KS. (2009). 'A visible light driven photoelectrocatalytic fuel cell for clean-up of contaminated water supplies'. Desalination, vol 248, no. 1-3, pp. 132-137.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.048
  • Fernandez-Jimenez, A., MacPhee, DE., Lachowski, EE. & Palomo, A. (2005). 'Immobilization of cesium in alkaline activated fly ash matrix'. Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol 346, no. 2-3, pp. 185-193.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.06.006
  • Damidot, D., Barnett, SJ., Glasser, FP. & MacPhee, DE. (2004). 'Investigation of the CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -CaSO 4 -CaCO 3 -H 2 O system at 25°C by thermodynamic calculation'. Advances in Cement Research, no. 16, pp. 69-76.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1680/adcr.16.2.69.36253
  • Barnett, SJ. & MacPhee, DE. (2004). 'Solution properties of solids in the ettringite-thaumasite solid solution series'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 34, no. 9, pp. 1591-1598.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.02.022
  • Johnston, CD., Feldmann, J., MacPhee, DE., Worrall, F. & Skakle, JMS. (2004). 'Synthesis and proposed crystal structure of a disordered cadmium arsenate apatite Cd 5 (AsO 4 ) 3 Cl 1-2x-y O x ¿ x OH y'. Dalton Transactions, vol 21, pp. 3611-3615.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1039/b410483h
  • Fernandez, AM., Lachowski, EE., Palomo, A. & MacPhee, DE. (2004). 'Microstructural characterisation of alkali-activated PFA matrices for waste immobilisation'. Cement & Concrete Composites, vol 26, pp. 1001-1006.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.034
  • MacPhee, DE. (2003). 'Fall 2001 Materials Research Society Symposium on Design, Characteristics and Properties of Cementitious Materials'. Cement & Concrete Composites, vol 33, pp. 175-175.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00962-6
  • Chandler, HW. & MacPhee, DE. (2003). 'A model for the flow of cement pastes'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 33, pp. 265-270.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01024-4
  • Jones, M., MacPhee, DE., Chudek, JA., Hunter, G., Lannegrand, R., Talero, R. & Scrimgeour, SN. (2003). 'Studies using 27A1 MAS NMR of AFm and AFt phases and the formation of Friedel’s salt'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 33, no. 2, pp. 177-182.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00901-8
  • Lachowski, EE., Barnett, SJ. & MacPhee, DE. (2003). 'Transmission electron optical study of ettringite and thaumasite'. Cement & Concrete Composites, vol 25, no. 8, pp. 819-822.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00107-0
  • Barnett, SJ., MacPhee, DE. & Crammond, NJ. (2003). 'Extent of immiscibility in the ettringite-thaumasite system'. Cement & Concrete Composites, vol 25, no. 8, pp. 851-855.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00116-1
  • Johnson, CD., Skakle, J., Johnston, MG., Feldmann, J. & MacPhee, DE. (2003). 'Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and aqueous stability of two cadmium arsenate phases, CdNH4(HAsO4)OH and Cd5H2(AsO4)(4 center dot)4H(2)O'. Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol 13, no. 6, pp. 1429-1432.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1039/b302154h
  • Barnett, SJ., MacPhee, DE., Lachowski, EE. & Crammond, NJ. (2002). 'XRD, EDX and IR analysis of solid solutions between thaumasite and ettringite'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 32, no. 5, pp. 719-730.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00750-5
  • Chandler, HW., MacPhee, DE., Merchant, IJ. & Henderson, R. (2002). 'Enhanced crack-bridging by unbonded inclusions in a brittle matrix'. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol 22, no. 1, pp. 129-134.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2219(01)00242-4
  • MacPhee, DE., Marr, IL. & Feldmann, J. (2002). 'Focus on Education and Training. Project planning and management exercise (PPME) - an approach to practical study in environmental chemistry'. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol 4, pp. 108N-111N.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1039/b209061a
  • Merchant, IJ., Chandler, HW., Henderson, R., Stebbings, T. & MacPhee, DE. (2002). 'Insights into toughening particulate brittle composites'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol 702, pp. 253-258.
  • Johnson, D., MacPhee, DE. & Feldmann, J. (2002). 'New low temperature synthetic route to an ammonium zinc arsenate zeolite analogue with an ABW-type structure'. Inorganic Chemistry, vol 41, no. 14, pp. 3588-3589.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1021/ic025603l
  • Barnett, SJ., MacPhee, DE. & Crammond, NJ. (2001). 'Solid solutions between thaumasite and ettringite and their role in sulfate attack'. Concrete Science and Engineering, vol 3, pp. 209-215.
  • Merchant, IJ., MacPhee, DE. & Chandler, HW. (2001). 'Toughening cement-based materials through the control of interfacial bonding'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 31, no. 12, pp. 1873-1880.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00500-2
  • Macphee, DE., Cormack, SL. & Sinclair, DC. (2000). 'AC impedance spectroscopy of pore reduced cements: Influence of contact resistance'. Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol 35, pp. 4823-4826.
  • Cormack, SL., MacPhee, DE. & Sinclair, DC. (1999). 'An AC impedance spectroscopy study of hydrated cement pastes. (vol 10, pg 151, 1998)'. Advances in Cement Research, vol 11, no. 4, pp. 197.
  • Pedersen, J., MacPhee, DE. & Chandler, HW. (1998). 'Cold isostatic pressing of cement pastes to produce pore reduced cement (PRC)'. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol 18, no. 14, pp. 2089-2093.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2219(98)00106-X
  • Cormack, SL., MacPhee, DE. & Sinclair, DC. (1998). 'An AC impedance spectroscopy study of hydrated cement pastes'. Advances in Cement Research, vol 10, no. 4, pp. 151-159.
  • Israel, D., MacPhee, DE. & Lachowski, E. (1998). 'Dimensional stability of pore reduced cement (PRC)'. ZKG International, vol 51, no. 8, pp. 460-463.
  • Stronach, SA., Walker, NL., MacPhee, DE. & Glasser, FP. (1997). 'Reactions between cement and As(III) oxide: The system CaO---SiO2---As2O3---H2O at 25°C'. Waste Management, vol 17, no. 1, pp. 913-917.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0956-053X(97)00029-9
  • MacPhee, DE., Sinclair, DC. & Cormack, SL. (1997). 'Development of an equivalent circuit model for cement pastes from microstructural considerations'. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 80, no. 11, pp. 2876-2884.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03206.x
  • Israel, D., MacPhee, DE. & Lachowski, E. (1997). 'Acid attack on pore-reduced cements'. Journal of Materials Science, vol 32, no. 15, pp. 4109-4116.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1023/A:1018610109429
  • MacPhee, DE., Sinclair, DC. & Stubbs, SL. (1996). 'Electrical characterization of pore reduced cement by impedance spectroscopy'. Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol 15, no. 18, pp. 1566-1568.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1007/BF00278090
  • GESLIN, NM., ISRAEL., D., Lachowski, E. & MacPhee, DE. (1995). 'Durability and microstructure of pore reduced cements (PRC)'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol 370, pp. 237-244.
  • MacPhee, DE. & CAO, HT. (1994). 'Theoretical Description of Impact of Blast-Furnace Slag (BFS) on Steel Passivation in Concrete: Reply'. Magazine of Concrete Research, vol 46, no. 167, pp. 152-154.
  • MacPhee, DE., BLACK., CJ. & TAYLOR, AH. (1993). 'Cements Incorporating Brown Coal Fly-Ash from the Latrobe Valley Region of Victoria, Australia'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 23, no. 3, pp. 507-517.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/0008-8846(93)90001-P
  • MacPhee, DE. & CAO, HT. (1993). 'Theoretical Description of Impact of Blast-Furnace Slag (BFS) on Steel Passivation in Concrete'. Magazine of Concrete Research, vol 45, no. 162, pp. 63-69.
  • MacPhee, DE. & Glasser, FP. (1993). 'Immobilization Science of Cement Systems'. MRS Bulletin, vol 18, no. 3, pp. 66-71.
  • MacPhee, DE. (1990). 'Correction'. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 73, no. 10, pp. 3087.
  • CARGILL, RW. & MacPhee, DE. (1989). 'A Phase-Separation Caused by the Solubility of Butane in 2-Methylpropan-2-OL-Water Mixtures'. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, vol 85, no. 9, pp. 2665-2668.
  • MacPhee, DE., LUKE., K., Glasser, FP. & Lachowski, E. (1989). 'Solubility and Aging of Calcium Silicate Hydrates in Alkaline-Solutions at 25-Degrees-C'. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 72, no. 4, pp. 646-654.
  • CARGILL, RW., MacPhee, DE. & PATRICK, K. (1988). 'The Solubility of Carbon-Dioxide in Mixtures of water and Acetone'. Journal of Chemical Research, no. 1, pp. 1.
  • Glasser, FP., Lachowski, E. & MacPhee, DE. (1987). 'Compositional model for clacium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels, their solubilities, and free-energies of formation'. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 70, no. 7, pp. 481-485.
  • CARGILL, RW. & MacPhee, DE. (1986). 'Hydrophobic Interactions of Gaseous Hydrocarbons Derived from Studies of their Solubilities in Mixtures of Water and Ethanol'. Journal of Chemical Research, no. 8, pp. 2301-2335.
  • CARGILL, RW. & MacPhee, DE. (1981). 'The Solubility of Carbon-Dioxide in Mixtures of Water and Ethanol'. Journal of Chemical Research, no. 8, pp. 232.

Comments and Debates

  • MacPhee, DE., Marr, IL. & Feldmann, J. (2002). 'Focus on education and training - Project planning and management exercise (PPME) - an approach to practical study in environmental chemistry: Project planning and management exercise (PPME) -an approach to practical study in environmental chemistry'. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol 4, no. 6, pp. 108N-111N.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1039/B209061A, News

Scientific Reviews

  • Garcia-Lodeiro, I., Palomo, A., Fernandez-Jimenez, A. & Macphee, DE. (2011). 'Compatibility studies between N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels: Study in the ternary diagram Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O'. Cement and Concrete Research, vol 41, no. 9, pp. 923-931.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.05.006

Editorials

  • Scrivener, KL. & Macphee, DE. (2010). 'Fred Glasser Cement Science Symposium'. Advances in Cement Research, vol 22, no. 4, pp. 185-186.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1680/adcr.2010.22.4.185
  • MacPhee, DE. & Diamond, S. (2003). 'Guest Editorial, Thaumasite in Cementitious Materials'. Cement & Concrete Composites, vol 25, no. 8, pp. 805-807.
    [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00165-3

Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings

Chapters

  • MacPhee, DE., Lachowski, E., TAYLOR., AH. & BROWN, TJ. (1992). 'Microstructural Development in Pore Reduced Cement (PRC)'. in FP Glasser, PL Pratt, TO Mason, JF Young & GJ McCarthy (eds), Advanced Cementitious Systems: Mechanisms and Properties vol. 245, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, pp. 303-308.
  • ATKINS, M., MacPhee, DE. & Glasser, FP. (1989). 'Chemical Modeling in Blended Cement Systems'. Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete vol. 114, Proceedings Third International Conference, pp. 73-96.

Contributions to Conferences

Papers

  • Lasebikan, BA., Akisanya, AR., Deans, WF., MacPhee, DE. & Boyle, L. (2010). 'The effect of ammonium bisulfite on sulphide in Brine/H2S solution'. Paper presented at National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), CORROSION 2010, San Antonio, Texas, United States, 14/03/10 - 18/03/10,.

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