a-short-review-of-histology

Histology of the Upper Respiratory Tract:

The upper respiratory tract is formed by the nasal cavity and pharynx
The lower respiratory tract is formed by the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
The nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx and part of the trachea are located in the head and neck
The walls of the upper respiratory tract are formed around a framework of bone and cartilage
The lumen of the upper respiratory tract is lined by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
This type of epithelium, in the respiratory tract, is often loosely referred to as the "respiratory epithelium"
Goblet cells provide mucus to trap dust and other particulate material
The cilia act on the mucus, with its trapped dust particles, to bring it to the pharynx where it can be swallowed or spat out
The mucus from goblet cells, and also from glands in the connective tissue deep to the epithelium, also humidifies inspired air
In the roof of the nose, a rich capillary network lies just deep to the epithelium and warms inspired air
Olfactory cells in the epithelium provide us with a sense of smell
Lymphoid tissue (tonsils) provides protection from pathogens

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The Respiratory Tract: