Professor Carol Munro

Professor Carol Munro
Professor Carol Munro
Professor Carol Munro

Personal Chair

About
Email Address
c.a.munro@abdn.ac.uk
Telephone Number
+44 (0)1224 437485
Office Address

Rm 4:19 Institute of Medical Sciences Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD

School/Department
School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition

Qualifications

  • PhD The Molecular Analysis of Chitin Synthesis in Candida albicans 
    1997 - University of Aberdeen 
  • BSc Biochemistry 
    1993 - University of Aberdeen 
    First Class Hons

External Memberships

Deputy Editor-In-Chief of FEMS Yeast Research.

FEMS delegate for the Microbiology Society

Microbiology Society Impact & Influence Committee

Honorary member of  British Society for Medical Mycology

 

 

 

 

Research

Research Overview

My research is focussed on investigating fungi that cause life-threatening and multi-drug resistant infections in humans with impaired immune function. I investigate the role of the fungal cell wall in interactions with the host and have built up expertise in cell wall biochemistry, proteomics and microscopy approaches to gain a deeper understanding of how the cell wall is built and maintained. My work has focused mainly on Candida albicans but I have also worked with a wider range of pathogens including several other Candida species, including Candida glabrata and Candida auris, Aspergillus fumigatus, Malassezia sympodialis, Exophilia, Fusarium, Trichophyton, Rhizopus and Sporothrix species.

The cell wall is an excellent target for new therapies containing many fungal-specific components that are not found in the human host. I am motivated to develop novel therapeutics that target the cell wall and in collaboration with Scottish Biologics Facility have developed fungal cell wall targeting antibodies that are protective in fungal infection models. We have recently filed a patent to protect IP of these reagents.

I also study antifungal drug resistance and tolerance and discovered that in response to treatment with the echinocandin class of antifungals, fungi can re-programme their cell walls, upregulating chitin production and reducing drug susceptibility. Alterations in cell wall composition, both polysaccharide and protein abundances can influence host interactions, which we study using live cell imaging of fungal:macrophage interactions. I am also interested in analysing genetic variability amongst clinical fungal isolates in order to understand how genetic variability impacts on cell surface variability and hence interactions with the host and other virulence properties, including host niche-specific fitness.  Over the last 4 years my group have developed and utilized novel infection models, for example a skin ex-plant model, a catheterized lab-grown skin model for biofilm -associated infections, a gut epithelium model and tissue organoids. These models allow us to mimic the host environment to study fungal:host interactions and fungal pathogenicity. My group have also constructed genomic platforms to study functional genomics of Candida albicans, providing the wider community with powerful molecur tools to study fungal pathogenesis. At the end of 2020 I opened a Biological Containment Level 3 viral laboratory to work with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in response to the ongoing pandemic and have set up assays to measure anti-viral activity of compounds and treatments.

Research Areas

Biomedical Sciences

Current Research

I am a partner in the EU-funded HDM-Fun Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 2020-2024 Host directed medicine in invasive fungal infection. https://hdm-fun.eu/

I am a partner in the EU -funded Innovative Training Network FunHoMic (Deciphering the fungus-host-microbiota interplay to improve the management of fungal infections). ESR Ann Kristin Kaune with Dr Alan Walker and ESR Nate Cole https://www.funhomic.eu/en 

Modelling Candida albicans infection of the human gut using human intestinal organoid cultures.  NC3Rs Phd student Ed Devlin 2019-2022. Co-PI with Dr Silvia Gratz and Dr Donna MacCallum

Can echinocandin-induced tolerance mechanisms promote persistent, drug recalcitrant infections? Gilead Investigator Led Study 2020-2021 PI with Dr Louise Walker

Development of fungal surface targeting antibodies. PhD student Mark Mawer (funded by University of ABerdeen) and Tyng Tan (funded by the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter) with Dr Soumya Palliyil and Professor Andy Porter (Scottish Biologics Facility)

Drug induced tolerance mechanisms: a driver for fungal persistence?   PhD student Mark Peacock (funded by the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter) with Professor Neil Gow and Dr Alessandra da Silva Dantas 

 

Past Research

I was a partner in the EU -funded Innovative Training Network OPATHY (From Omics to Patient: Improving Diagnostics of Pathogenic Yeasts) http://www.opathy.eu/ Within this network we developed antifungal drug resistance biomarkers using a proteomics approach. 

Collaborations

Dr Neil McCarthy, QMUL - Candida albicans:gut interactions

Dr Christophe D'Enfert Pasteur Institute, France, - C. albicans ORFeome and over-expression library.

 Dr Campbell Gourlay, University of Kent -  Investigating the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain function in fungal pathogenicity and drug resistance.

Dr Donna MaCallum, University of Aberdeen - Human skin models to study fungal infections.

Dr Silvia Gratz & Donna MacCallum, University of Aberdeen - Gut epithelium and organoid models to study fungal invasion

Dr Soumya Palliyl, Professor Andy Porter, Scottish Biologics Facility - Developing fungal cell surface targeting antibodies.

Dr Annika Scheynius, Karolinska Institute - Malassezia sympodialis interactions with the host.

Funding and Grants

EU FunHoMic Innovative Training Network 2019-2023 “Deciphering the fungus-host-microbiota interplay to improve the management of fungal infections” PI with Dr Alan Walker and Prof Al Brown.

NC3Rs Phd studentship 2019-2022. Modelling Candida albicans infection of the human gut using human intestinal organoid cultures. Co-PI with Dr Silvia Gratz and Dr Donna MacCallum

Gilead Investigator Led Study 2020-2021 Can echinocandin-induced tolerance mechanisms promote persistent, drug recalcitrant infections? PI with Dr Louise Walker

Leverhulme Trust/Royal Society Senior Research Fellowship 2019-2020 Unbiased functional genomics screens for the molecular dissection of Candida albicans pathobiology and cellular morphology.

SULSA Antimicrobial Resistance Seed Funding 2018-2019 Antifungal potential of compounds produced by thermophilic Actinobacteria from compost, upon strains of azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. Co-Pi with Dr Gillian Halket, University of Strathclyde.

Wellcome Trust Strategic Award International PhD Scholarship 2014-2018  Investigating the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain function in fungal pathogenicity and drug resistance. Co-PI with Dr Campbell Gourlay, University of Kent.

MRC Case studentship with NovaBiotics Ltd 2013-2017 Novel combination strategies to combat complex respiratory polymicrobial infections associated with cystic fibrosis.

Wellcome Trust Strategic Award Cross-disciplinary PDRA Project Award 2013-2017  Evaluating clinical outcomes to Candida albicans biofilm formation in candidaemia patients. Co-PI with Prof Ramage, University of Glasgow.

EU OPATHY Innovative Training Network 2015-2019 fungal diagnostics.

Wellcome Trust ISSF award 2016-2017 barcode sequencing.

MRC Confidence in Concepts grant 2015-2017 Development of novel biologics-based antifungal therapeutics and diagnostics targeted towards Candida albicans cell surface glycoproteins.

SULSA MSD Postdoctoral grant with Dundee Drug Disovery Unit 2013-2015. Developing chitin synthase inhibitors.

BBSRC Case studentship with NovaBiotics, Prof. Ruth Ross, Prof Tony Ormerod. 2011-2015 Development of a bacterial-skin infection model to optimise the treatment and improve our understanding of persistent infections.

SULSA BioSkape industrial studentship with NovaBiotics Ltd 2010-2014

Antifungal peptide drugs. Knowledge Transfer Partnership with NovaBiotics Ltd 2010-2012

The Candida albicans ORFeome project .Wellcome Trust Biomedical Resources grant 2009-2013 (Lead PI with Dr d'Enfert, Institut Pasteur)

Gilead Sciences sponsored industrial studentships 2006-2010, 2009-2012 (with Professor Gow)

Regulation of the biosynthesis of the cell wall skeleton of Candida albicans. Wellcome Trust project grant  2009-2012 (Co-PI with Professor Gow and Odds)

Antifungal drug screening programme. University of Aberdeen Commercialisation Award 2010

The role of fungal cell wall composition and remodelling in echinocandin drug tolerance and resistance. British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy research grant 2010

Teaching
Publications

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  • Extracellular DNA release confers heterogeneity in Candida albicans biofilm formation

    Rajendran, R., Sherry, L., Lappin, D. F., Nile, C. J., Smith, K., Williams, C., Munro, C. A., Ramage, G.
    BioMed Central Microbiology, vol. 14, 303
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Candida albicans Hypha Formation and Mannan Masking of β-Glucan Inhibit Macrophage Phagosome Maturation

    Bain, J. M., Louw, J., Lewis, L. E., Okai, B., Walls, C. A., Ballou, E. R., Walker, L. A., Reid, D., Munro, C. A., Brown, A. J. P., Brown, G. D., Gow, N. A. R., Erwig, L. P.
    mBio, vol. 5, no. 6, e01874-14
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • The pH-responsive PacC transcription factor of Aspergillus fumigatus governs epithelial entry and tissue invasion during pulmonary aspergillosis

    Bertuzzi, M., Schrettl, M., Alcazar-Fuoli, L., Cairns, T. C., Muñoz, A., Walker, L. A., Herbst, S., Safari, M., Cheverton, A. M., Chen, D., Liu, H., Saijo, S., Fedorova, N. D., Armstrong-James, D., Munro, C. A., Read, N. D., Filler, S. G., Espeso, E. A., Nierman, W. C., Haas, H., Bignell, E. M.
    PLoS Pathogens, vol. 10, no. 10, e1004413
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Modulation of Alternaria infectoria cell wall chitin and glucan synthesis by cell wall synthase inhibitors

    Fernandes, C., Anjos, J., Walker, L. A., Silva, B. M. A., Cortes, L., Mota, M., Munro, C. A., Gow, N. A. R., Gonçalves, T.
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 2894-2904
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • O-mannosylation in Candida albicans enables development of interkingdom biofilm communities

    Dutton, L. C., Nobbs, A. H., Jepson, K., Jepson, M. A., Vickerman, M. M., Aqeel Alawfi, S., Munro, C. A., Lamont, R. J., Jenkinson, H. F.
    mBio, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. e00911-e009114
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Carbon metabolism in pathogenic yeasts (Especially Candida): The role of cell wall metabolism in virulence

    Lee, K. K., Munro, C. A.
    Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism. Piskur, J., Compagno, C. (eds.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 141-167, 27 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters
  • Cell wall stress induces alternative fungal cytokinesis and septation strategies

    Walker, L., Lenardon, M. D., Preechasuth, K., Munro, C. A., Gow, N. A. R.
    Journal of Cell Science, vol. 126, no. 12, pp. 2668-2677
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Determination of chitin content in fungal cell wall: an alternative flow cytometric method

    Costa-de-Oliveira, S., Silva, A. P., Miranda, I. M., Salvador, A., Azevedo, M. M., Munro, C. A., Rodrigues, A. G., Pina-Vaz, C.
    Cytometry Part A : Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, vol. 83A, no. 3, pp. 324-328
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Genomic insights into the atopic eczema-associated skin commensal yeast Malassezia sympodialis

    Gioti, A., Nystedt, B., Li, W., Xu, J., Andersson, A., Averette, A. F., Münch, K., Wang, X., Kappauf, C., Kingsbury, J. M., Kraak, B., Walker, L., Johansson, H. J., Holm, T., Lehtiö, J., Stajich, J. E., Mieczkowski, P., Kahmann, R., Kennell, J. C., Cardenas, M. E., Lundeberg, J., Saunders, C. W., Boekhout, T., Dawson, T. L., Munro, C. A., de Groot, P. W. J., Butler, G., Heitman, J., Scheynius, A.
    mBio, vol. 4, no. 1, e00572-12
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Elevated Chitin Content Reduces the Susceptibility of Candida Species to Caspofungin

    Walker, L. A., Gow, N. A. R., Munro, C. A.
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 146-154
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Anti-Candida targets and cytotoxicity of casuarinin isolated from Plinia cauliflora leaves in a bioactivity-guided study

    Souza-Moreira, T. M., Severi, J. A., Lee, K., Preechasuth, K., Santos, E., Gow, N. A. R., Munro, C. A., Vilegas, W., Pietro, R. C. L. R.
    Molecules, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 8095-8108
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Chitin and glucan, the yin and yang of the fungal cell wall, implications for antifungal drug discovery and therapy

    Munro, C. A.
    Advances in Applied Microbiology, vol. 83, pp. 145-172
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Differential adaptation of Candida albicans in vivo modulates immune recognition by dectin-1

    Marakalala, M. J., Vautier, S., Potrykus, J., Walker, L. A., Shepardson, K. M., Hopke, A., Mora-Montes, H. M., Lee, K., Kerrigan, A., Netea, M. G., Murray, G. I., Maccallum, D. M., Wheeler, R., Munro, C. A., Gow, N. A. R., Cramer, R. A., Brown, A. J. P., Brown, G. D.
    PLoS Pathogens, vol. 9, no. 4, e1003315
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Hsp90 orchestrates transcriptional regulation by Hsf1 and cell wall remodelling by MAPK signalling during thermal adaptation in a pathogenic yeast

    Leach, M., Budge, S., Walker, L., Munro, C., Cowen, L. E., Brown, A. J. P.
    PLoS Pathogens, vol. 8, no. 12, e1003069
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • The evolutionary rewiring of ubiquitination targets has reprogrammed the regulation of carbon assimilation in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans

    Sandai, D., Yin, Z., Selway, L., Stead, D., Walker, J., Leach, M. D., Bohovych, I., Ene, I. V., Kastora, S., Budge, S., Munro, C. A., Odds, F. C., Gow, N. A. R., Brown, A. J. P.
    mBio, vol. 3, no. 6, e00495-12
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Carbon source-induced reprogramming of the cell wall proteome and secretome modulates the adherence and drug resistance of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans

    Ene, I. V., Heilmann, C. J., Sorgo, A. G., Walker, L. A., de Koster, C. G., Munro, C. A., Klis, F. M., Brown, A. J. P.
    Proteomics, vol. 12, no. 21, pp. 3164-3179
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Echinocandin resistance due to simultaneous FKS mutation and increased cell wall chitin in a Candida albicans bloodstream isolate following brief exposure to caspofungin

    Imtiaz, T., Lee, K. K., Munro, C. A., Maccallum, D. M., Shankland, G. S., Johnson, E. M., Macgregor, M. S., Bal, A. M.
    Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 1330-1334
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Isolation and functional characterization of Sporothrix schenckii ROT2, the encoding gene for the endoplasmic reticulum glucosidase II

    Robledo-Ortiz, C. I., Flores-Carreón, A., Hernández-Cervantes, A., Álvarez-Vargas, A., Lee, K. K., Díaz-Jiménez, D. F., Munro, C. A., Cano-Canchola, C., Mora-Montes, H. M.
    Fungal Biology, vol. 116, no. 8, pp. 910-918
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Modular gene over-expression strategies for Candida albicans

    Cabral, V., Chauvel, M., Firon, A., Nesseir, A., Bachellier-Bassi, S., Chaudhari, Y., Munro, C. A., d'Enfert, C.
    Host-Fungus Interactions: Methods and Protocols. Brand, A., MacCallum, D. (eds.). Humana Press, pp. 227-244, 18 pages
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters
  • Elevated Cell Wall Chitin in Candida albicans Confers Echinocandin Resistance In Vivo

    Lee, K. K., Maccallum, D. M., Jacobsen, M. D., Walker, L. A., Odds, F. C., Gow, N. A. R., Munro, C. A.
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 208-217
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Cool Tools 5: The Candida albicans ORFeome Project

    Legrand, M., Munro, C. A., d'Enfert, C.
    Candida and Candidiasis. Calderone, R. A., Clancy, C. J. (eds.). 2 edition. ASM Press
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters
  • The Cell Wall: Glycoproteins, Remodeling, and Regulation

    Munro, C. A., Richard, M. L.
    Candida and Candidiasis. Calderone, R. A., Clancy, C. J. (eds.). 2 edition. ASM Press
    Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters
  • Recognition and blocking of innate immunity cells by Candida albicans chitin

    Mora-Montes, H. M., Netea, M. G., Ferwerda, G., Lenardon, M. D., Brown, G. D., Mistry, A. R., Kullberg, B. J., O'Callaghan, C. A., Sheth, C. C., Odds, F. C., Brown, A. J. P., Munro, C. A., Gow, N. A. R.
    Infection and Immunity, vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 1961-1970
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Fungal echinocandin resistance

    Munro, C. A.
    F1000 Biology Reports, vol. 2, 66
    Contributions to Journals: Articles
  • Chitin synthesis and fungal pathogenesis

    Lenardon, M. D., Munro, C. A., Gow, N. A.
    Current Opinion in Microbiology, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 416-423
    Contributions to Journals: Literature Reviews
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