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This course aims to look at a number of issues which adversely affect sportspeople and others in both a physiological and psychological manner. The conditions to be investigated are: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, muscle dysmorphia, obesity, and sports which demand that individuals ‘make a weight’. The aetiology of these conditions will be considered from both the psychological and the physiological perspectives, and potential therapeutic interventions will combine both approaches. Students should come to appreciate the value of a multi-disciplinary approach to dealing with health problems in any setting.
Course Co-ordinator: Dr Laura Mahady (ext. 55962) l.mahady@abdn.ac.uk
The student should be able to understand, discuss and critically evaluate the following areas:
1.The relationship between participation in exercise and the enhancement of psychological well being.
2.The role of obsession and addiction in sport.
3.The obsessive behaviour relating to food, and body image, and the interrelationship between sport, exercise participation, body image and nutrition.
4.Eating disorders: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, sports demanding that individuals ‘make the weight’.
5.Body image obsessions: social physique anxiety, muscle dysmorphia, the thin ideal, obesity. The impact on participation in sport and exercise.
6.Exercise and depression, exercise as treatment for depression.
7.Sport, drugs and alcohol.
8.Therapeutic interventions used in the treatment of eating disorders, body image obsessions etc.
9.Promotion of health and exercise in the community.
1. Course Introduction
Scope and parameters of course.
2. Psychology
Participation in exercise and the relationship with mental health.
3. Exercise and Addiction. The addictive personality, positive and negative addiction.
4. Body Image Ideals. Overview of the desire to achieve a body image ideal throughout history and across cultures.
5. The Thin Body Ideal. The contemporary body image ideal in western society and its relationship with exercise.
6. The Psychology of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, athletes, sportspeople.
6. The Psychology of Muscle Dysmorphia
Muscle dysmorphia, psychology, sportspeople.
Psychological interventions.
7. The Psychology of ‘Making the Weight’
Sports which demand ‘making the weight’. Obesity. The psychology. Psychological interventions.
8. Alcohol, Drugs and Sport.
The impact of binge drinking and drug taking in sporting and non-sporting individuals. Social demands and physiological effects.
9. AN and BN – a psychiatrist’s point of view – External Speaker
Eating disorders and treatment options from a specialist psychiatrist’s point of view.
10. Obesity. The problem in western society. Interventions.
11. Therapeutic Interventions: the available treatments; medication vs talking therapies.
12. Final Review of the Course, Exam Information & Course Evaluation
An overview of how psychology and nutrition work together in obsessive and healthy behaviours in sport and exercise. What are the take home messages of this course? Information regarding the examination. Completion of course evaluation forms.
13. Question and Answer Session
Final opportunity to ask questions regarding the course and the exam
Tutorial Work
Examination of case studies and relevant journal articles which will be handed out throughout the course. Students’ findings and critical analysis to be presented in power point presentations to class by students working in pairs. This work will constitute a formative assessment and will be marked accordingly.
There is a regular programme of seminars given throughout the academic year by invited specialists from within the broad field of biomedical research.
These are usually held on Thursdays from 12noon -1pm in the IMS Building at Foresterhill (check the School or IMS websites for specific locations of seminars).
As you are studying within research-driven disciplines, we strongly feel that you should attend these whenever possible, with a view to broadening your appreciation of medical sciences. You will also be directed to attend any other relevant seminars when they arise.
There are a range of titles available from the library focusing on material relevant to this course. Whilst most of these are held in the Medical School library at Foresterhill, they can be delivered to QML for your convenience.
Blaydon M.J., Linder K.J., Kerr J.H.(2004). Metamotivational characteristics of exercise dependence and eating disorders in highly active amateur sports participants. Personality and Individual Differences. 36 1419 – 1432
Davis C., Katzman, D.K. Kapstein, S., Kirsch C., Brewer H., Kalmbach K., Olmsted M.P., Blake Woodside D., Kaplan A.S. (1997).Prevalence of High Level exercise in the Eating Disorders: Etiological Implications.Comprehensive Psychiatry. Vol. 38. No. 6 (Nov/Dec). pp321 – 326
Hulley A.J., & Hill A.J., (2001). Eating Disorders and Health in Elite Women Distance Runners
International Journal of Eating Disorders. 30: 312 – 317.
Keski – Rahkonen A. Exercise Dependence – a Myth or a Real Issue.(2001).European Eating Disorders Review. 9, 279 – 283. 2001.
Loumidis K., & Well A. Exercising for the Wrong Reasons: Relationships Among Eating Disorder Beliefs, Dysfunctional Exercise Beliefs and Coping. (2001).Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 8, 416 – 423.
Peters M.A., & Phelps L. Body Image and Dissatisfaction and Distortion, Steroid Use, and Sex Differences in College Age Body Builders.(2001).Psychology in the Schools, Vol. 38 (3).
Pope H.G., Phillips K.A. & Olivardia R. (2000). The Adonis Complex. Free Press.
Smolak L., Murnen S.K. & Ruble A.E. (2000). Female Athletes and Eating Problems: A Metal-Analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 27: 371 – 380.
Sudi K., Ottl K., Payerl D., Baumgartl P., Tauschmann K., & Muller W. (2002).Anorexia Athletica. Nutrition. 20: 657 – 661.
Thompson R.A., & Sherman R.B., (1993) Helping Athletes With Eating Disorders. Human Kinetics
Yates A., Edman J.D., Crago M., Crowell D. (2003). Eating Disorder Symptoms in Runners, Cyclists and Paddlers. Addictive behaviours. 28. 1473 – 1480.
Ziegler P.J., Khoo C.S., Sherr G., Nelson J.A., Larson W.M., Drewnowski A. (1998). Body Image and Dieting Behaviours Among Elite Figure Skaters. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 24; 421 – 427, 1998.
The University has strict regulations on plagiarism. If you are unsure about what constitutes plagiarism read the University guide on plagiarism at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/writing
Copying or plagiarising another persons work, either from other students or published material in books or papers and submitted as your own for assessment is considered a form of cheating. This is considered by the University to be a serious offence and will be penalised according to the extent involved and whether it is decided there was an attempt at deliberate deception, or whether bad practice was involved. If you do use information or ideas obtained from textbooks or other published material you must give a precise reference to the source both at the appropriate point in your narrative and in a list of references at the end of your work. Direct quotations from published material should be indicated by quotation marks and referenced in the text as above.
Students are expected to attend all lectures, and tutorials, and to complete all class exercises by stated deadlines. The minimum performance acceptable is attendance at 75% of the lectures, seminars, and presentation of all set course work, written and oral.
Assessment is derived from course work (30%) and a written examination (70%). The continuous assessment (CA) component is based on a 2.500 word essay.
Written Examination: 70% of the total assessment is based on one three hour written paper. The student has to answer four questions of equal weighting selected from a list of eight.
Common assessment scale (CAS) grade: The overall performance of the student is expressed as a grade awarded on the common spine marking scale.
The degree examination is held in May, with the re-sit examination in August.
Dr Laura Mahady
If students have difficulties with any part of the course that they cannot cope with alone they should notify someone immediately. If the problem relates to the subject matter you may be best advised to contact the member of staff who is teaching that part of the course. Students with registered disabilities should contact either the IMS based School Office (Miss Lyndsay McEwan l.mcewan@abdn.ac.uk) or the Old Aberdeen office associated with the teaching laboratories (Mrs S.Jones s.jones@abdn.ac.uk ) to ensure that the appropriate facilities have been made available. Otherwise, you are strongly encouraged to contact any of the following as you see appropriate:
Course student representatives.
Course co-ordinator (Dr Laura Mahady).
Convenor of the Biomedical Sciences Staff/Student Liaison Committee (Dr Gordon McEwan).
Adviser of studies.
Disabilities Co-ordinator (Dr Derryck Shewan).
Staff are based at Foresterhill (IMS & Health Sciences Building) and we strongly encourage the use of email or telephone the SMS office. You may be wasting your time to travel to Foresterhill only to find staff unavailable.
Support Available to Students
The University is keen to help you successfully complete your studies. If at any time you feel you need assistance, there is a range of support services available to help you. These include support to assist with unexpected and/or exceptional financial difficulty, support for disabled students and academic learning support through the Student Learning Service. Further details about all these services area available at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/studenthelpguide/.
The students within each course, year, or programme elect representatives by the end of the fourth week of teaching within each half-session. In this school we operate a system of course representatives. Any students registered within a course or programme that wishes to represent a given group of students can stand for election as a class representative. You will be informed when the elections for class representative will take place.
What will it involve?
It will involve speaking to your fellow students about the course you represent. This can include any comments that they may have. You will attend a Staff Student Liaison Committee and you should represent the views and concerns of the students within this meeting. As a representative you will also be able to contribute to the agenda. You then feedback to the students after this meeting with any actions that are being taken.
Training
Training for class representatives will be run by the Students Association in conjunction with SPARQS (Student Participation in Quality Scotland). Training will take place in the fourth or fifth week of teaching each semester. For more information about the Class representative system visit www.ausa.org.uk or email the VP Education & Employability vped@abdn.ac.uk. For further information on class representation and student involvement in Quality visit www.sparqs.org.uk
The University operates a system for monitoring students' progress to identify students who may be experiencing difficulties in a particular course. If the Course Co-ordinator has concerns about your attendance and/or performance, the Registry will be informed. The Registry will then write to you (by e-mail in term-time) to ask you to contact the Senate Office in the first instance. Depending on your reason for absence the Senate Office will either deal directly with your case or will refer you to your Adviser of Studies or a relevant support service. This system is operated to provide support for students who may be experiencing difficulties with their studies. Students are required to attend such meetings with their Adviser of Studies in accordance with General Regulation 8.
Set criteria are used to determine when a student should be reported in the monitoring system. You will be asked to meet your Adviser if any of the following criteria apply for this course:-
either (i) if you are absent for a continuous period of two weeks or 25% of the course (whichever is less) without good cause being reported;
or (ii) if you are absent from two small group teaching sessions e.g. (laboratory/tutorial classes) without good cause;
or (iii) if you fail to submit a piece of summative or a substantial piece of formative in-course assessment by the stated deadline
If you fail to respond within the prescribed timescale (as set out in the e-mail or letter) you will be deemed to have withdrawn from the course concerned and will accordingly be ineligible to take the end of course assessment or to enter for the resit. The Registry will write to you (by e-mail in term-time) to inform you of this decision. If you wish consideration to be given to reinstating you in the course you will be required to meet the Convener of the Students' Progress Committee.
Students who attend and complete the work required for a course are considered to have been awarded a ‘Class Certificate’. Being in possession of a valid Class Certificate for a course entitles a student to sit degree examinations for that course. From 2010/11 class certificates will be valid for two years and permit a total of three attempts at the required assessment within that two year period i.e. the first attempt plus up to two resits.
You will receive a University e-mail account when you register with the University Computing Centre. The University will normally use e-mail to communicate with you during term-time. These e-mails will be sent to your University e-mail account, which you can access using Eudora or SquirrelMail.
It is your responsibility to check your e-mail on a regular (at least weekly) basis and to tidy the contents of your e-mail inbox to ensure that it does not go over quota (see http://www.abdn.ac.uk/diss/email/mailquota.hti for guidance on managing your e-mail quota). It is recommended that you use your University e-mail account to read and respond to University communications. If you already have a non-University e-mail account that you use for personal correspondence, it is possible to set up automatic forwarding of messages from your University e-mail account to your personal e-mail address (see http://www.abdn.ac.uk/local/mail.forward/) but, should you do so, it is your responsibility to ensure that this is done correctly. The University takes no responsibility for delivery of e-mails to non-University accounts.
You should note that failure to check your e-mail or failure to receive e-mail due to being over quota or due to non-delivery of an e-mail forwarded to a non-University e-mail account would not be accepted as a ground for appeal (for further information on appeals procedures, please refer to http://www.abdn.ac.uk/registry/quality/appendix5x17.hti).
Feedback Framework
Feedback on assessment:
The University recognises that the provision of timely and appropriate feedback on assessment plays a key part in students learning and teaching. The guiding principles for the provision of feedback within the University are detailed in the Institutional Framework for the Provision of Feedback on Assessment available at:
www.abdn.ac.uk/registry/quality/appendix7x8.pdf
Absence from Classes on Medical Grounds
Candidates who wish to establish that their academic performance has been adversely affected by their health are required to secure medical certificates relating to the relevant periods of ill health (see General Regulation 17.3).
The University’s policy on requiring certification for absence on medical grounds or other good cause can be accessed at:
www.abdn.ac.uk/registry/quality/appendix7x5.pdf
You are strongly advised to make yourself fully aware of your responsibilities if you are absent due to illness or other good cause. In particular, you are asked to note that self-certification of absence for periods of absence up to and including eleven weekdays is permissible. However, where absence has prevented attendance at an examination or where it may have affected your performance in an element of assessment or where you have been unable to attend a specified teaching session, you are strongly advised to provide medical certification (see section 3 of the Policy on Certification of Absence for Medical Reasons or Other Good Cause).
Guide to Citing and Referencing
This guide should be used to assist you when completing any work for disciplines in the School of Medical Sciences. All work should include citations at appropriate places in the text, with a complete reference list at the end of the assignment. If diagrams/ graphs/ tables are copied or adapted from other publications/ websites, the sources must also be cited in the legend for that item, and included in your reference list.
Good citing and referencing not only improves the quality of your work, but it gives credit to the authors of original work, and makes it less likely that you can be accused of plagiarism. Further guidance on writing and plagiarism may be found at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/writing/ . When you submit work for marking, you are declaring that YOU are the author, that you have not copied it or plagiarised any material from other sources, AND that all sources of information have been acknowledged in your text. Students may be penalised by the University if found guilty of plagiarism.
Students are warned to be careful if using websites as sources of information. These may be inaccurate and are often not peer-reviewed. You are strongly encouraged to use advanced textbooks, peer-reviewed papers or reviews as the sources of your information in your work. Students are also advised to avoid quoting chunks of text in their work. Just because you put quotation marks around some text does not mean that you have not plagiarised it. Try and explain ideas and concepts in your own words.
The referencing style used here is Harvard, similar to that recommended by the University Library (see their factsheet for further information on referencing). Students must use this style of citing and referencing for all work. Other styles are not acceptable. Marks may be deducted if students do not cite or reference properly (see specific marking schemes for details).
Citing references within the text
You must provide citations in the text at the appropriate places by putting the author’s surname and year of publication in round brackets immediately after the relevant text (author, date method).
Author, date method
Jones et al. (1999) has argued that….
Studies have produced conflicting results…..(Bloggs, 2000; MacDuff et al., 1993)
Smith stated (1990)…..and then later work confirmed this (2003)…..
Bloggs (2001) investigated…..
One author (Bloggs, 2000)
Two authors (Smith & Jones, 1982)
Three or more authors (Chesterfield et al., 1995)
If the same author(s) wrote two or more papers in the same year Thwaites et al. stated (1990a)…..and then provided further evidence (1990b)…..
N.B. “et al.” should be in italics, as should all other Latin words/phrases in your text (e.g. in vitro). There is also a full stop after “et al.”, since it is an abbreviation of “et alia” (“and others”).
Listing your references at the end of your work
Your list of references must place the surnames of the first authors in alphabetical order. List all authors of a piece of work unless there are a large number.
Format of references at the end of your work
Book - whole Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M. & Flower, R.J. (2007) Pharmacology. 6th Ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
Book – article or chapter within Johnson, D. & Smart, J.S. (1983) Advanced techniques in measuring athletic performance. In: S. Roberts, ed., Sports Science in the Laboratory. London: Macmillan, pp. 3-28.
Journal – article within Furchgott, R.F., Zawadzki, J.V. (1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. 288(5789), 373-6.
Website Department for Education and Employment (2000). Student loans: guidance on terms and conditions from April 2000. [online]. Available from: http://www.dfee.gov.uk/loan2000/index.html [Accessed 23rd March 2006]
