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Sexual Assault

What is Sexual Assault?

This is the term used to describe rape or other unwanted sexual act perpetrated against one adult by another. The assailant may be a stranger but more often is already known to the victim, such as a friend, a relative, a work colleague or someone who has asked the victim out. So called "date rape" is an experience shared by many where the victim may have agreed to go out with the assailant but has not consented to a sexual encounter. Sexual assault sometimes involves physical violence but not always. Often the body's automatic response in a dangerous situation is to freeze as a protective measure so that some victims are unable to fight back whereas others try to resist the attack. Sexual assault is recognised as an act of power or control intended to humiliate the victim rather than an act of sexual passion or a mutual, loving sexual encounter.

Effects of Sexual Assault

A sexual assault can be a very traumatic experience for the victim with long-lasting effects. Each person reacts differently. The immediate physical effects may entail seeking medical attention especially if there were injuries. GPs may also offer to administer a pregnancy test as well as tests for sexually transmitted diseases including HIV antibodies. GPs do not report the assault to the police unless requested to do so.

There may also be more long-term emotional and behavioural effects.Many victims experience shock as well as fear and develop phobias associated with the attack. Guilt and shame may be present if the victim blames himself / herself for the assault in some way. Rage and depression, grief and loss of trust in others may also be consequences.

Many victims report experiencing flashbacks or vivid memories of the assault as well as nightmares. The experience may also lead to social withdrawal, sexual difficulties, eating disorders, alcohol and drug misuse and self-harm.

Reporting to the Police

Sexual assault is a criminal offence and the victim can report the crime to the police and press charges. For forensic evidence to be present, the assault needs to be reported immediately but it can be reported later if the victim wishes. Medical evidence is collected during an examination by a police surgeon. The victim may choose someone to accompany her for support to the police station. An officer with special training in dealing with sexual assault cases will be requested.

Police are more aware about the need for sensitivity in this area. Details about previous sexual relationships are no longer permitted to be asked. The victim has the right to withdraw the complaint at any time.

Looking after Yourself

Sexual assault is a very traumatic experience and can have various effects, which impact on victims in different ways and for varying durations. It is important to acknowledge the consequences of such a serious breach of personal boundaries and to take special care to look after yourself in order to begin to recover. The following things have been experienced as helpful by many:

• Avoid blaming yourself for the assault. A sexual assault is never the victim's fault.
• Find ways to express your feelings, whether through talking about your experience or releasing them creatively through writing, music, art, drama, etc.
• Look after yourself physically by eating well, sleeping, taking exercise, etc.
• Give yourself treats such as time for reading, meditation, listening to music, taking baths, walks, going to the cinema, spending time with friends, etc. Whatever helps to restore your self-esteem is beneficial.
• Become aware of your thoughts and note any which may involve blaming or punishing yourself. Try to replace these with thoughts which are more self-accepting.
• Seek help. Talking about your experience with a trained counsellor in a confidential and non-judgemental setting may help you come to terms with what has happened more effectively.

Sources of Help

The University Counselling Service has trained counsellors who can help you explore your past and find ways to come to terms with your experience. We also have a library of books on many subjects including childhood sexual abuse and sexual assault, which you can borrow, with a £5 deposit.

The Links page has several helplines and websites where you can gain support or information about sexual abuse and assault.