Professor Graeme Paton

Study of the relationship between pollutant speciation and toxicity. Fate and transformation of environmental pollutants. Use of analytical chemical tools to study organism responses to pollutants. Application and comparison of ecotoxicity assays to environmental sample. General soil microbiology and biochemistry. Specific areas of interest are:

Fate of inorganic\ organic pollutants in the environment
Development of bioassays to assess environmental toxicity
Chemical and biological techniques for soil Remediation
Soil genesis and classification and linkage to soil biology

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Current Research

The current research group has several strands. Mostly the focus is on process level soil microbiology as a response to perturbations- mainly pollution. Biosensors are widely used to quantify and better understand these impacts and to relate to the aspects of bioavailability. To an extent these enable sustainable solutions to be developed and bespoke risk assessment to be measured.

Dr. Lenka Maderova, is a teaching and research fellow with an focus on the fate and bioavailability of metals in soils. We are interested in how metals age and change speciation and in the ecotoxicology. Chemical speciation, biosensor development and traditional soil ecotox underpin this work.

Dr. Leigh Cassidy, runs the exciting and challenging spin-out company EPONA Technologies Limited developed through Scottish Enterprise funded Proof of Concept Programme related to remediating waste and groundwaters (www.dram-remediation.com). In May 2012, the company installed their first full scale operational system which is working to plan and proving cost effective and more than compliant with environmental guidance.

Wei Ma has been developing systems for solid phase application of biosensors by comparing detailed analytical chemistry with biological responses.

Ogo Iroakasi works on the production and application of microbial biosurfactants. This is applicable both to enhanced oil recovery and bioremediation. While Ogo is characterising and optimising the performance and potential value, Chisom Agunwoke is developing their role in soil and sediment remediation.

Alex Laurie, is developing a suite of ecotoxicity (microbial) assays that can effectively integrate with nano-particles. The particular interest relates to silver and copper based materials.

Saad Dehlawi is using chemical additives to enhance mobility and complexation of pollutants as a strategic technique for land and water remediation. His main strand is on the novel use of calcium polysulphides. Chidinma Anunike is using CaSx with a specific focus on the consideration of hexavalent chromium transformation.

Sarah Sinebe is developing and applying the decision support tools for remediation that have microbial biosensors as a key component in decision making. This work was initiated by Liz Diplock and further defined by Hugh Addlesse at Remedios.

Mustafa Gaja is studying the fate and transformation of Libyian oil undergoing manaaged remediation strategies. This is in cooperation with his employer in Libyia.

Victor Igbwe is relating toxicity and quantitative risk assessment to hydrocarbon impacts in the Delta State in Nigeria. This makes use both of emperical and modelling approaches.

Dave Mardlin (remedios.uk.com) is using field derived data to develop a better understanding of risk assessment applications.

Rajendra Uprety is focussing on fundamental aspects of soil sustainability and relating measurments to the Albrecht approach for soil husbandry.

Liz Diplock, Mohammed Al Awadi, Karen Rodgers, Bo Zhang, Sulaiman Alrumman, Bill Cowie, Eva Budde, Hani Alhadrami, Izz Musarati, Hashim Alzahrany and Efe Scott-Emuakpor have all finished their PhD programmes in the past 24 months.

Dr. Hedda Weitz, who developed a range of bacterial biosensors and the only effective fungal biolouminescence-based assay, oversees the smooth running of the laboratory very effectively.

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Collaborations

Prof. Kirk Semple, Lancaster University

Prof. Yong-Guan Zhu, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing and Xiamen

Prof. Simon Pollard, Cranfield University

Dr. Colin Cunningham, SETN, Edinburgh

Prof. Rolf Henkler, Plan Real

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Teaching Responsibilities

MSc Joint Programme Director for-

Environmental Science,

Soil Science

Course Coordinator

Global Soil Geography

Environmental Pollution

Remediation Technology

Landuse on Deeside

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External Responsibilities

Technical Director- Remedios Limited

Director- EPONA Technologies Limited

Editorial Board for Soil Biology and Biochemistry

Editorial Board for Water Air Soil Pollution

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Remedios

Remedios is a University of Aberdeen spin-out company (www.remedios.uk.com) based in Aberdeen at the Science and Technology Park. The company develops and applies technologies for the sustainable remediation of contaminated land. Remedios also carries out environmental risk assessment and designs waste management strategies. Graeme is the Technical Director of the company and was a co-founder of the organisation in 1998.

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Publications

Contributions to Journals

Articles

Towel, MG., Bellarby, J., Paton, GI., Coulon, F., Pollard, SJT. & Semple, KT. (2011). 'Mineralisation of target hydrocarbons in three contaminated soils from former refinery facilities'. Environmental Pollution, vol 159, no. 2, pp. 515-523.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.015
Towell, MG., Paton, GI. & Semple, KT. (2011). 'The biodegradation of cable oil components: Impact of oil concentration, nutrient addition and bioaugmentation'. Environmental Pollution, vol 159, no. 12, pp. 3777-3783.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.043
Maderova, L., Watson, M. & Paton, GI. (2011). 'Bioavailability and toxicity of copper in soils: Integrating chemical approaches with responses of microbial biosensors'. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol 43, no. 6, pp. 1162-1168.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.004
Towell, MG., Browne, LA., Paton, GI. & Semple, KT. (2011). 'Impact of carbon nanomaterials on the behaviour of C-14-phenanthrene and C-14-benzo-[a] pyrene in soil'. Environmental Pollution, vol 159, no. 3, pp. 706-715.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.040
Mayor, DJ., Zuur, AF., Solan, M., Paton, GI. & Killham, KS. (2010). 'Factors Affecting Benthic Impacts at Scottish Fish Farms'. Environmental Science & Technology, vol 44, no. 6, pp. 2079-2084.
[Online] DOI: 10.1021/es903073h
Guicharnaud, R., Arnalds, O. & Paton, GI. (2010). 'Short term changes of microbial processes in Icelandic soils to increasing temperatures'. Biogeosciences, vol 7, no. 2, pp. 671-682.
[Online] DOI: 10.5194/bg-7-671-2010
Maderova, L., Dawson, JJC. & Paton, GI. (2010). 'Cu and Ni Mobility and Bioavailability in Sequentially Conditioned Soils'. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, vol 210, no. 1-4, pp. 63-73.
[Online] DOI: 10.1007/s11270-009-0224-4
Coulon, F., Al Awadi, M., Cowie, W., Mardlin, D., Pollard, S., Cunningham, C., Risdon, G., Arthur, P., Semple, KT. & Paton, GI. (2010). 'When is a soil remediated?: Comparison of biopiled and windrowed soils contaminated with bunker-fuel in a full-scale trial'. Environmental Pollution, vol 158, no. 10, pp. 3032-3040.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.001
Guicharnaud, RA., Arnalds, O. & Paton, GI. (2010). 'The effect of season and management practices on soil microbial activities undergoing nitrogen treatments: interpretation from microcosm to field scale'. Icelandic agricultural sciences, vol 23, pp. 123-134.
Coulon, F., Whelan, MJ., Paton, GI., Semple, KT., Villa, R. & Pollard, SJT. (2010). 'Multimedia fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil: Oil matrix of constructed biopiles'. Chemosphere, vol 81, no. 11, pp. 1454-1462.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.057
Mayor, DJ., Solan, M., McMillan, HA., Killham, KS. & Paton, GI. (2009). 'Effects of copper and the sea lice treatment Slice (R) on nutrient release from marine sediments'. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol 58, no. 4, pp. 552-558.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.11.015
Brown, JR.-, Thompson, IP., Paton, GI. & Singer, AC. (2009). 'Enhanced biotransformation of TCE using plant terpenoids in contaminated groundwater'. Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol 49, no. 6, pp. 769-774.
[Online] DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02738.x
Diplock, EE., Mardlin, DP., Killham, KS. & Paton, GI. (2009). 'Predicting bioremediation of hydrocarbons: Laboratory to field scale'. Environmental Pollution, vol 157, no. 6, pp. 1831-1840.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.022
Paton, GI., Reid, BJ. & Semple, KT. (2009). 'Application of a luminescence-based biosensor for assessing naphthalene biodegradation in soils from a manufactured gas plant'. Environmental Pollution, vol 157, no. 5, pp. 1643-1648.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.020
Stroud, JL., Paton, GI. & Semple, KT. (2009). 'The effect of agitation on the biodegradation of hydrocarbon contaminants in soil slurries'. Chemosphere, vol 77, no. 1, pp. 123-128.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.05.005
Stroud, JL., Tzima, M., Paton, GI. & Semple, KT. (2009). 'Influence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on the biodegradation of C-14-phenanthrene and C-14-hexadecane in soil'. Environmental Pollution, vol 157, no. 10, pp. 2678-2683.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.009
Stroud, JL., Paton, GI. & Semple, KT. (2009). 'Predicting the biodegradation of target hydrocarbons in the presence of mixed contaminants in soil'. Chemosphere, vol 74, no. 4, pp. 563-567.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.071
Mayor, DJ., Solan, M., Martinez, I., Murray, L., McMillan, HA., Paton, GI. & Killham, KS. (2008). 'Acute toxicity of some treatments commonly used by the salmonid aquaculture industry to Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor: Whole sediment bioassay tests: : Whole sediment bioassay tests'. Aquaculture, vol 285, no. 1-4, pp. 102-108.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.008
Chinalia, FA., Paton, GI. & Killham, KS. (2008). 'Physiological and toxicological characterization of an engineered whole-cell biosensor'. Bioresource Technology, vol 99, no. 4, pp. 714-721.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.041
Sigfusson, B., Gislason, SR. & Paton, GI. (2008). 'Pedogenesis and weathering rates of a Histic Andosol in Iceland: Field and experimental soil solution study'. Geoderma, vol 144, no. 3-4, pp. 572-592.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.01.014
Pollard, SJT., Hough, RL., Kim, K., Bellarby, J., Paton, G., Semple, KT. & Coulon, F. (2008). 'Fugacity modelling to predict the distribution of organic contaminants in the soil: oil matrix of constructed biopiles'. Chemosphere, vol 71, no. 8, pp. 1432-1439.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.12.007
Trott, D., Dawson, JJC., Killham, KS., Miah, MRU., Wilson, MJ. & Paton, GI. (2007). 'Comparative evaluation of a bioluminescent bacterial assay in terrestrial ecotoxicity testing'. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol 9, no. 1, pp. 44-50.
[Online] DOI: 10.1039/B613734B
Dawson, JJC., Godsiffe, EJ., Thompson, IP., Ralebitso-Senior, TK., Killham, KS. & Paton, GI. (2007). 'Application of biological indicators to assess recovery of hydrocarbon impacted soils'. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol 39, no. 1, pp. 164-177.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2006.06.020
Dams, RI., Paton, G. & Killham, K. (2007). 'Bioaugmentation of pentachlorophenol in soil and hydroponic systems'. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol 60, no. 3, pp. 171-177.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2007.02.006
Sigfusson, B., Gislason, SR. & Paton, GI. (2006). 'The effect of soil solution chemistry on the weathering rate of a Histic Andosol'. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol 88, no. 1-3, pp. 321-324.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.067
Guicharnaud, R. & Paton, GI. (2006). 'An evaluation of acid deposition on cation leaching and weathering rates of an Andosol and a Cambisol'. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol 88, pp. 279-283.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.056
Paton, GI., Cheewasedtham, W., Marr, IJ. & Dawson, JJC. (2006). 'Degradation and toxicity of phenyltin compounds in soil'. Environmental Pollution, vol 144, pp. 746-751.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.024
Simms, L., Dawson, JJC., Paton, GI. & Wilson, MJ. (2006). 'Identification of environmental factors limiting plant uptake of metaldehyde seed treatments under field conditions'. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol 54, no. 10, pp. 3646-3650.
[Online] DOI: 10.1021/jf060231a
Paton, GI., Viventsova, E., Kumpene, J., Wilson, MJ., Weitz, H. & Dawson, JJC. (2006). 'An ecotoxicity assessment of contaminated forest soils from the Kola Peninsula'. Science of the Total Environment, vol 355, no. 1-3, pp. 106-117.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.036
Dawson, JJC., Campbell, CD., Towers, W., Cameron, CM. & Paton, GI. (2006). 'Linking biosensor responses to Cd, Cu and Zn partitioning in soils'. Environmental Pollution, vol 142, no. 3, pp. 493-500.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.029
Sigfusson, B., Paton, GI. & Gislason, SR. (2006). 'The impact of sampling techniques on soil pore water carbon measurements of an Icelandic Histic Andosol'. Science of the Total Environment, vol 369, no. 1-3, pp. 203-219.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.012
Selley, HA., Paton, GI., Davies, IM. & Marr, IL. (2006). 'Ecotoxicology: How can the effect of complex mixtures of pollutants be monitored in a harbour environment?'. Marine Environmental Research, vol 62, pp. S362-S363.
Bhattacharyya, J., Read, D., Amos, S., Dooley, S., Killham, KS. & Paton, GI. (2005). 'Biosensor-based diagnostics of contaminated groundwater: assessment and remediation strategy'. Environmental Pollution, vol 134, pp. 485-492.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.002
Dew, N., Paton, GI. & Semple, KT. (2005). 'Prediction of [3-C-14] phenyldodecane biodegradation in cable insulating oil-spiked soil using selected extraction techniques'. Environmental Pollution, vol 138, pp. 316-323.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.03.009
Mahmood, S., Paton, GI. & Prosser, JI. (2005). 'Cultivation-independent in situ molecular analysis of bacteria involved in degradation of pentachlorophenol in soil'. Environmental Microbiology, vol 7, pp. 1349-1360.
[Online] DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00822.x
Stokes, JD., Paton, GI. & Semple, KT. (2005). 'Fate of hydrophobic compounds in the soil environment'. Soil Use & Management, vol 21, pp. 475-486.
[Online] DOI: 10.1079/SUM2005347
Tandy, S., Barbosa, V., Tye, A., Preston, S., Paton, GI., Zhang, H. & McGrath, S. (2005). 'Comparison of different microbial bioassays to assess metal-contaminated soils'. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol 24, no. 3, pp. 530-536.
[Online] DOI: 10.1897/04-197R.1
Paton, GI., Killham, KS., Weitz, H. & Semple, KT. (2005). 'Biological tools for the assessment of contaminated land: applied soil ecotoxicity'. Soil Use & Management, vol 21, pp. 487-499.
[Online] DOI: 10.1079/SUM2005350
Harkins, M., Porter, AJR. & Paton, GI. (2004). 'The role of host organism, transcriptional switches and reporter mechanisms in the performance of Hg-induced biosensors'. Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol 97, pp. 1192-1200.
[Online] DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02421.x
Bundy, JG., Paton, GI. & Campbell, CD. (2004). 'Combined microbial community level and single species biosensor responses to monitor recovery of oil polluted soil'. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol 36, no. 7, pp. 1149-1159.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.02.025
Tye, AM., Young, SD., Crout, NMJ., Zhang, H., Preston, S., Barbosa-Jefferson, VL., Davidson, W., McGrath, SP., Paton, GI., Killham, KS. & Resende, L. (2003). 'Predicting the activity of Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ in soil pore water from the radio-labile metal fraction'. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol 67, pp. 375-385.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01138-9
Flynn, HC., Meharg, AA., Bowyer, PK. & Paton, GI. (2003). 'Antimony bioavailability in mine soils'. Environmental Pollution, vol 124, no. 1, pp. 93-100.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00411-6
Bundy, JG., Maciel, H., Cronin, MTD. & Paton, GI. (2003). 'Limitations of a cosolvent for ecotoxicity testing of hydrophobic compounds'. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 70, pp. 1-8.
[Online] DOI: 10.1007/s00128-002-0148-9
Paton, GI., Iroegbu, C. & Dawson, JJC. (2003). 'Microbiological characterisation of a diesel contaminated beach site'. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol 46, pp. 903-906.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00118-8
Semple, KT., Morriss, AWJ. & Paton, GI. (2003). 'Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soils: fundamental concepts and techniques for analysis'. European Journal of Soil Science, vol 54, pp. 809-818.
[Online] DOI: 10.1046/j.1351-0754.2003.0564.x
Puglisi, E., Patterson, CJ. & Paton, GI. (2003). 'Non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) for bioavailability assessment of organic hydrophobic compounds in soils'. Agronomie, vol 23, pp. 755-756.
[Online] DOI: 10.1051/agro:2003049
Tiensing, T., Strachan, NJC. & Paton, GI. (2002). 'Evaluation of interactive toxicity of chlorophenols in water and soil using lux-marked biosensors'. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol 4, pp. 482-289.
[Online] DOI: 10.1039/b202070j
Artz, R., Semple, KT., Killham, KS., Prosser, JI. & Paton, GI. (2002). 'The potential for anaerobic mineralisation of hydrocarbon constituents of oily drill cuttings from the North Sea seabed'. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol 4, no. 4, pp. 553-557.
[Online] DOI: 10.1039/b203991p
Bundy, JG., Paton, GI. & Campbell, CD. (2002). 'Microbial communities in different soil types do not converge after diesel contamination'. Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol 92, pp. 276-288.
[Online] DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01528.x
Strachan, GL., Capel, S., Maciel, H., Porter, AJR. & Paton, GI. (2002). 'Application of cellular and immuno biosensor techniques to assess herbicide toxicity in soils'. European Journal of Soil Science, vol 53, pp. 37-44.
[Online] DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00421.x
Horsburgh, AM., Mardlin, D., Turner, NL., Henkler, R., Strachan, NJC., Glover, LA., Paton, GI. & Killham, KS. (2002). 'On-line microbial biosensing and fingerprinting of water pollutants'. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol 17, no. 6-7, pp. 495-501.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00321-9
Flynn, HC., McMahon, V., Diaz, GC., Denergasso, CS., Corbisier, P., Meharg, AA. & Paton, GI. (2002). 'Assessment of bioavailable arsenic and copper in soils and desiments from the Antofagasta region of northern Chile'. Science of the Total Environment, vol 286, no. 1-3, pp. 51-59.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00962-7
Tiensing, T., Preston, S., Strachan, NJC. & Paton, GI. (2001). 'Soil solution extraction techniques for microbial ecotoxicity testing: a comparative evaluation'. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol 3, pp. 91-96.
[Online] DOI: 10.1039/b007851o
Bundy, JG., Morriss, A., Durham, DG., Campbell, DG. & Paton, GI. (2001). 'Development of QSARs to investigate the bacterial toxicity and biotransformation potential of aromatic heterocyclic compounds'. Chemosphere, vol 42, pp. 885-892.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00178-8
Bundy, JG., Campbell, CD. & Paton, GI. (2001). 'Comparison of response of six different luminescent bacterial bioassays to bioremediation of five constraining soils'. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol 3, pp. 404-410.
[Online] DOI: 10.1039/b103104j
Strachan, GL., Maciel, H., Porter, AJR., Paton, GI. & Preston, S. (2001). 'Use of bacterial biosensors to interpret the toxicity and mixture toxicity of herbicides in freshwater'. Water research, vol 35, no. 14, pp. 3490-3495.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00065-3
Lagido, C., Pettitt, J., Porter, AJR., Paton, GI. & Glover, LA. (2001). 'Development and application of bioluminescent Caenorhabditis elegans as multicellular eukaryotic biosensors'. FEBS Letters, vol 493, no. 1, pp. 36-39.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02271-2
Turner, NL., Horsburgh, AM., Paton, GI., Killham, KS., Meharg, AA., Primrose, S. & Strachan, NJC. (2001). 'A novel toxicity fingerprinting method for pollutant identification with lux-marked biosensors'. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol 20, pp. 2456-2461.
[Online] DOI: 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2456:ANTFMF>2.0.CO;2
Paton, GI. (2001). 'Lighting the way for bioremediation'. Chemistry & Industry, vol 3, pp. 77-79.
Hollis, RP., Lagido, C., Pettitt, J., Porter, AJR., Killham, KS., Paton, GI. & Glover, LA. (2001). 'Toxicity of the bacterial luciferase substrate, n-decyl aldehyde, to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans'. FEBS Letters, vol 506, no. 2, pp. 140-142.
[Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02905-2

Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings

Chapters

Diplock, EE., Mardlin, DP., Killham, KS. & Paton, GI. (2010). 'The Role of Decision Support for Bioremediation Strategies, Exemplified by Hydrocarbons for In Site and Ex Situ Procedures'. in SP Cummings (ed.), Bioremediation: Methods and Protocols vol. 599, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 599, Humana Press, pp. 201-215.
[Online] DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-439-5_13
Diplock, EE., Alhadrami, HA. & Paton, GI. (2010). 'Application of Microbial Bioreporters in Environmental Microbiology and Bioremediation'. in S Belkin & MB Gu (eds), Whole Cell Sensing System II: Applications vol. 118, Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol. 118, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Berlin, pp. 189-209.
[Online] DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_3
Dawson, JJC., Maciel, H., Semple, KT. & Paton, GI. (2004). 'Analysis of organic pollutants in environmental samples'. Soil and Environmental Analysis: Modern Instrumental Techniques, 3rd Edition, Revised and Expanded Soil and Environmental Analysis: Modern Instrumental Techniques, 3rd Edition, Revised and Expanded, pp. 515-542.

Conference Proceedings

McGrath, SP., Checkai, RT., Scott-Fordsmand, JJ., Glazebrook, PW., Paton, GI. & Visser, S. (2001). 'Recommendations for testing toxicity to microbes in soil'. in A Fairbrother, P Glazebrook, J Tarazona & N VanStraalen (eds), TEST METHODS TO DETERMINE HAZARDS OF SPARINGLY SOLUBLE METAL COMPOUNDS IN SOILS SETAC PRESS, PENSACOLA, pp. 17-35, Technical Workshop of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry, MADRID, 19/06/99.
Maciel, H. & Paton, GI. (2001). 'What do microbial biosensors tell us about the behavior of MTBE?'. in V Magar, J Gibbs, K OReilly, M Hyman & A Leeson (eds), BIOREMEDIATION OF MTBE, ALCOHOLS, AND ETHERS BATTELLE PRESS, COLUMBUS, pp. 110, 6th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, SAN DIEGO, 4/06/01.
Hodson, ME., Valsami-Jones, E., Dubbin, WE., Collins, M., Cotter-Howells, J., Paton, G., Kemp, AJ. & Warren, A. (1999). 'Metal remediation of soil via phosphate formation: Bone meal treatments'. in C Stanley, A Rankin, R Bodnar, J Naden, B Yardley, A Criddle, R Hagni, A Gize, J Pasava, A Fleet, R Seltmann, C Halls, M Stemprok, B Williamson, R Herrington, R Hill, H Prichard & F Wall (eds), MINERAL DEPOSITS: PROCESSES TO PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, LEIDEN, pp. 1183-1186, 5th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Geology-Applied-to-Mineral-Deposits / 10th Quadrennial Symposium of the International-Association-on-the-Genesis-of-Ore-Deposits, LONDON, 22/08/99.
Preston, S., Hall, JM., Rattray, EAS., Chaudri, AM., McGrath, SP., Killham, K. & Paton, GI. (1999). 'Assessing metal bioavailability in soils using luminescence-based microbial biosensors'. in A Leeson & B Alleman (eds), BIOREMEDIATION OF METALS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS BATTELLE PRESS, COLUMBUS, pp. 25-30, 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, SAN DIEGO, 19/04/99.
Reid, BJ., MacLeod, CJA., Semple, KT., Weitz, HJ. & Paton, GI. (1999). 'Assessment of acute PAH toxicity using prokaryote biosensors'. in A Leeson & B Alleman (eds), BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS BATTELLE PRESS, COLUMBUS, pp. 217-222, 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, SAN DIEGO, 19/04/99.

Patents

Killham, KS., Paton, GI. & Cassidy, L. (2010). 'A METHOD OF REMEDIATING CONTAMINATED WATER AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAME'. EP2207633.
Killham, KS. & Paton, GI. (2004). 'DECONTAMINATION OF DRILL CUTTINGS AND OTHER WASTE MATERIAL'. WO2004013455 (A1).

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